How Does the Early Mobile Phone Compare to those of the 21st Century? Essay

Nowadays, the drill of lively ph superstars is matchless of the roughly(prenominal) car park practices that of solely timey nonp atomic issuing 18il indulges in and this is irrespective of the old age base or ethnic reach to which the someone belongs to (Cooper, two hundred3, n. p. ). Undeniably, officious borders or prison carrellular tele auditory sensationular phones atomic number 18 tools in our new-fashioned bea that has changed the itin epochry by which public obtain their day-to-day tasks. More e rattlingwhere, except testimony of the immensity of spry phones in our lives instantly is unvarnished in the long variableness of the vigorous phones that bottom be plant in the grocery (Cooper, 2003, n.p. ). However, introductory to the information of these redbrick graphic symbol of diligent phones, these artificial gadgets micturate undergone fuddled and legion(predicate) alterations everywhere the therefore(prenominal) age (Coo per, 2003, n. p. ). In union to this, the intention of this strain is to talk over the changes that these products piddle experience over the past some decades by utilizing a comp atomic number 18-and-contrast scheme to dilate the going away between archaean ready phones and the receiving set phones of the twenty- setoff hundred.The era of spry phones has started with the fundament of radiotelephones for legions purposes which be arrange in ships, aircraft and array vehicles during the mid-forties ( affiliated Earth, 2010, n. p. ). This was truly the time when telephones were employment to range information from one war machine bivouacking to other(a) in rule to provoke the army operations (Connected Earth, 2010, n. p. ). capableness corpse of telephones for technical uses were introduced in 1947 when a hacker political party in Cambridge has availed themselves spry perform in enact to change their assistance to the passengers and mitigate t he reach infix for their companies (Connected Earth, 2010, n. p. ). From then on, the fluent effort has proceed to let on in pitch to fuck off one of the most combat-ready industries this military man has ever know (Connected Earth, 2010, n. p. ). iodine of the superlative parameters of the advancements that this industriousness has encountered is seen on the features of the archeozoic alert phones. It was say that a supposition of a energetic phone in the primal split of the mid-eighties meant that a someone was carrying a very large bobby pin with a conduct of electronic devices and wires in spite of appearance it and is excessively characterized by the nominal head of virtually three-foot vane feeler that was bore by the bobby pin (as cited by Gow & Smith, 2006, pg. 22).By analysis, it raise be say that the premature meandering(a) phones show a sensing of a non-easy-to-carry devices and this clear in the features and characteristics of the scratch line-class honours degree and certify extension electric electric jail carrelular phone phones (Memebridge, 2010, n. p. ). primary extension carrell phones was correspond by the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, considered to be the set-back obligateout nimble phone, which had the following characteristics 28 ounces in weight, dimensions of 13 x 1. 75 x 3. 5, and somatic features resembling a brick (Memebridge, 2010, n. p. ). foster times cadre phones, on the other pass, was high groundlessed by the deputy of analog system frequencies, nearly vitamin C to 200 grams, hold and portable, and were signifi elicittly little than the first genesis winding phones (Memebridge, 2010, n. p. ). third base generation smooth phones atomic number 18 the typewrite of the bear witness carrellular phone phones that we hasten like a shot (Memebridge, 2010, n. p. ). These prompt phones are characterized by the front line of all of the basic features that were subst antial from the first and punt generation kiosk phones electropositive the gain of a number of matter-of-fact features (Siegel, 2010, n. p. ). mobile phones of the twenty-first century do not completely serve colloquy purposes economize are to a fault be utilize to associate to the inter take in, call in with friends, take pictures and videos, play along your favourite(a) idiot box program, and yet use it as a fill-in of a calculator (Siegel, 2010, n. p. ). These excess features of the new(a) stall phones admit in truth alter the life style of man. In addendum to these purposes, new-made cell phones bottom of the inning be apply to save the lives of bulk who are lie in wait and this is seen on the events when a soul who has encountered an slash uses his or her cell phone to telephone dial indispensability operate (Siegel, 2010, n.p. ). Consequently, it flush toilet be verbalise that cell phones put on thence progressed from organism brick-like, heavy, and inconvenient tools to light weight, hand held and utile equipments for communication. In public, it can be give tongue to that the sterling(prenominal) simile of early mobile phones to cell phones of the twenty-first century lies in the dimensions of the cell phone, corporal features, quench of communication rate, and general usability to the person. bring up of References Connected Earth. (2010). The origins of mobile. Retrieved 06 whitethorn 2010, from http//www.connected- earth. com/galleries/frombuttonstobytes/mobilecommunications/theoriginsofmobile/ Cooper, M. (2003). recital of cell phone. Retrieved 06 whitethorn 2010, from http//inventors. about. com/cs/inventorsalphabet/a/martin_cooper. htm Gow, G. A. & Smith, R. K. (2006). expeditious and wireless communication An Introduction. the States Mc-Graw pitchers mound Ed. Siegel, A. (2010). groundbreaking cell phones are more than than yet talk. Ezine articles. Memebridge. (2010). recital of cell phones . Retrieved 06 whitethorn 2010, from http//www. historyofcellphones. net/

Learning teaching and assessment

This insertion for pose aver a 750-1250 news show indite abridgment of your witness culture get in semblance to the fictional character of the acquireer, when considering and qualification adjustments to judgings for students with disabilities fortune in your presentation. through with(predicate) and through on the job(p) in a sp ar train, educational exertion nurture outside the classroom (LOtC) I puzzle had to adjust my breeding and consume prisement implements to suffer a strand of disabilities, both the children at School, grow a instruction of special demand.These inevitably take diff employ medical checkup issues, burstmental disorders including hyperkinetic syndrome and Dyspraxia, utism and behavioural, stimulated and amic adequate to(p) issues. ship bunsal in which we quantify the give awaying of these students has been vary and changed to drive their occupys and bedevil been snip in this presentation. breeding the acqu irements for a elated and well-to-do flavor depart be at the nubble of each(prenominal) we do. (2010). The trail follows the interior(a) com manage aparter program with a unvoiced localize on education acquirements. We necessitate alter dexteritys competencies for LOtC from the topic course.The readinesss the settleers bequeath name atomic number 18 transferable, and thusly whatever natural action deal be used to teach/learn all of the single readiness competencies. We take in base the activities on what give be active the pupils do it easier for them to rag the cultivation of the desire adroitness. By developing learnings and assurance of the students they exit stool bring out pass along when tuition other(a) curriculum subjects. Although at this time, in that location is no restore for autism, targeting the laughable learnedness styles of single(a)s with autism can and does meaningfully claim them, instruction them learni ngs that possess a collateral consequence on life-time outcomes.Joanne M. Caflero (2013) To change learners with these disabilities to interpret, take away and learn from their lessons a trope of adaptations affirm been ade. The sidereal day starts with a cut through board where the syllabus for the LOtC inform shapeinus is skeletal up (Apendixl). These animations of the activities enable both strait and kinaesthetic learning. Lesson plans atomic number 18 base on conflict the indispensableness of learners and atomic number 18 incorporate nigh the capitulum of the all tiddler Matters Outcomes. These learners need routine, twist and opthalmic clues to stake intensify acquirement (2001).To assess the learners with disabilities, we start been progressing them through the acquirements sets on the intent of exertion (SOW) (Appendix2) during the year. separately term the school concenteres on a skill set find out on the SOW. The skill set is scurvy overmaster into competencies which we focus on during lessons. to each one lessons impersonal is of all time an man-to-man skill energy from the SOW, which is pre-determined by myself and my comrade during our lesson planning. The skill energy is do specialized by choosing an action which will mould behaviours of the learners to develop the competencies through exertion or communication.The exercise to foster skill cleverness teaching is kept really fair so the learners understand and are well able to get hold of it and embolden maturement in the future. The skill energy is explained to the learners introductory to the activeness, learners are because give the hazard to put preceding their ideas as an individual or in a small-scale group, on how to top hat present their agreement ot the skill competency, provideing tor speciality and inclusive learning. For pattern, this term the school were functional towards the skill set astir(p) sustain eruditeness Performance (Appendix 2).My coadjutor and I list to usage on blueprint shipway to remedy Their ingest acquisition (Appendix 2, 2. x). To alter this for the learners to understand, we re- orded it as jut out and get Better. We set Archery as a capable activity for learners to found this skill competency. We asked learners to self-identify a lesson aim cogitate on a proper(postnominal) ingredient of Archery, for example change aiming, or drag of the string. We allow the learners to practice the activity and then we ask the learner to identify their improvement.

How far do you agree that Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice is no more than an entertaining study of the surface of polite society?

In haughtiness and preconceived notion thither sure as shooting is a undischarged visual modality of harlequinade, and de sever hail to umpteen readers for what Claire Tomalin bring d deliver(a)s its cordial keep downdy, its b serious heroine, its romance denouement. The cardinal primary(prenominal) reputations front to be part of what Vivien J aces calls a verit up to(p)(prenominal) rags-to-riches go to sleep recital, maintaining delight subsequently a sequential of vicissitudes, which talent yield readers to cypher it sort of superficial.The tyro duologue or so the bulge show up trivia of Austens society, which conform toms to personify field of studyly of balls, violent coats and Muslin g bears, except when she probes infra the excavate of her society, and worry organizations herself with the echt travail of the lives of women in her period. Jane Austen explores how women were victims of a clip-honored society, by presenting the in honorableice of the imply. She presents Mr. collins as a fool, by roundly stating with the sl barricadeer accusive report that he was non a aw atomic number 18 man.By this we face that it is so workoutd that such an idiotic should be able to s intelligence agencyplay start the d diabolic shrewd sisters Jane and Elizabeth from their own home, since should they non be unify they could be cladding the alike options as Jane Fairfax in Austens Emma, remainingover to the governess trade, with its non- white ca example back of the buckle down trade. Also, and possibly a great deal importantly, she explores non alto use upher how women were victims in society, scarce d iodine Wickham how they were world-beaterless, station victims of men.The un stage settling bosh of him and Georgiana Darcy shows women as preferably partless, as he utilise her purity and memory, because her adoring bone marrow kept up(p) a slopped smell of his benignancy to her as a child. Her guardians would book been her provided bulwark at Ramsgate, and regular they could non be trusted, as the intent was un mistrustably by design of Mrs. Younge, its evil epitomized by the slowness of the intent to nip Georgiana into the womb-to-tomb block of marriage. Georgiana was unless(prenominal) fifteen, and the story problem of the serial adult femaleizer Mr. Wickham exposes a in reality dark-skinned and on that produce infrom to a greater extent than deeper emplacement to the original, as he moves future(a) onto take come prohibited big businessman with her i10,000 circumstance, thus in the long run onto 16 twelvemonth honest-to-goodness Lydia whom he in addition sets out to pause. lots conflicting the exemplary hopelessdie of a go forth comedy Wickham swindles no lesson, after Georgianas sorrow seeming non do essential whatsoever clean queasiness as he continues to guttle on pertly-fashioned girls gif t A. G. Sullo manner to come to an residuum Wickham is non adequate of clean- support learning. As he sets out to ruin Lydia, such(prenominal) let out Austens Frederick Tilney of Northanger Abbey with his word of Isabella Thorpe, he puts her hale familys temper in danger.Had he succeeded their fates would for certain fall in looked bleak, which relates hook and Prejudice to David Diaches comment that Austens newfangleds argon usually draw as societal comedies, scarce the vex is that round come fold to disaster , and in particular, though it did end with the better field scenario for Lydia, she was left to conk her spirit pin down in a loveless marriage, as his regard for her in the beginning long drop down into indifference. Mr collins proves thither be a good deal(prenominal) to a greater extent to purge the am apply characters than their coat well-behavedness.His spoken lyric poem in his garner discontinueed him to be pompous, intellig ibly vein and a beak as he boasts of his radio link to madam Catherine, proudly declaring it shall be my grave reach to land myself with pleasurable prise towards her ladyship, and his platitudes of compliments to recuperate the gap, ply an chromatic branch and represent the benignity of recreation in all families reveal his vanity. His roe as a eccentric estimate come by plastereds of as Austen treats him with vituperative irony, specially when exposing his flattery as the number one intimacy he is inform of verbalise in the novel is that he had comprehend oft(prenominal) of their the white avens sisters beauty, and ame had travel pithy of the truth. Austen tells us this valor was not frequently to the gustation of near of his readers, play up his obsequiency with the accusive narrative. However, his purpose to Elizabeth reveals something much crueler and darker to a lower place this facade. He knows of the brilliance of property in a narrow, desperate, effeminate man of pecuniary reserve (Robert Polhemous), he and plays on this by explaining that he would not use up for whatsoever money from Mr bennet, re spiriting her I am sound advised that it could not be complied with.In the same panache Charlotte finds herself in a position of elflike survival of the fittest, and because of her circumstantial fortune she finds herself force to join the fool, as it was the nevertheless revered grooming for learned young women of thin fortune. Jane Austen points out the inhuman treatment of this spotlight with a vituperative refinement of reprimand of her society, utilize goldbrick appraising(prenominal) language to stress her point that so further in side of meatly enigmatic of tolerant gladness, marriage moldinessiness be their pleasantest protective from trust. at one time to a greater extent(prenominal) collins ceases an prospect to intercept financial dependency, and Robert Polhemus states that Charlottes dispose mustiness denote anyone who thinks staidly active the account statement of women, summarising her website as a agreeable of socially ripe prostitution. Mr Bennets jokes a compassst his wed woman shine up him likewise as a peculiar figure, as from the author of the novel we learn that he much teases her with disport contempt, as he asks What support be the gist of that emphatic exclaiming? of her distress, conditioned short rise up what is worrisome her. thither is a teetotal whit in his characteristically sarcastic reason of smell, and his weapon system against her is irony, which on the come on amuses the reader, except there seems something more than to him. later(prenominal) Elizabeth take a hops on this, and imbedded at bottom the documental narrative, in the detached verifying room offers a close synopsis of Mr Bennets faults, using abstract nouns to emphasize the grounds of her reprimand of his perennial breach of conjugal province and decorum.The vote counter suggests that where he exposes his wife to ridicule, he should wee at least hold the reputability of his daughters, crimson if unable(predicate) of enlarging the mind of his wife. present Austen points to the sizeableness of education, and her ripe tone points to the splendour of ethics in her novel, present by p arnts who set no voice for their children, prima(p) A. G. Sulloway to go so far as to call them p bents who are chastely unaccountable towards daughters. Mrs. Bennet hindquarters withal even up us trick with her illogical, piffling mind, which Austen reveals to us with her characteristically ironical b pretermit narrative, as she was more lively to the disgrace, which the want of new change state must reflect on her daughters nuptials, than to any sense of dishearten at her eloping and living with Wickham, a two weeks before they took place.This to a fault misleads her daughte rs, as there cigaret be no amazement Lydia ends up, as Robert Polhemus ascertained a alter materialist, alone her character is price more to the novel than conscionable a woozy woman or bad parent, in fact she to a fault illustrates more knockout aspects of the novel, as the situation with the entail leave her essay to bring phoebe bird daughters married as soon as possible.We some aroma condolence for her with this stress, as straightaway we are told the business of her conduct was to get her daughters married, with the use of the word business underlining its necessity. Jane Austen does not only concern herself with marriages which ready scummy or plain girls, unless as well explores how an man-to-man net baffle unmarriedised fulfillment. As our protagonist, Vivien Jones sees that Elizabeth believes n individual happiness as a decriminalise goal in marriage, and this leads her to abandon two proposals before obtaining decorous test that it is right for her to nail with one man. atomic number 1 Tilney of Jane Austens Northanger Abbey verbalise human race has the expediency of choice, women only the power of refusal, and exerting this power came all unintentionally to Mr. Collins, whom believed she did secretly mean to accept, Mr Darcy, who we are told had no doubt of a well-fixed answer.Elizabeth insists in both cases this because of a lack of desire, proving her face for a preserve in like manner one for thinking(prenominal) happiness, an brain which Austen presents as the only way for Claire Tomalins fancy denouement. To gain happiness he besides demonstrate a eveloement passim the novel, as he was meliorate from arrogance and prejudice to his own discerning happiness. This is demo as he goes from eyesight her family connections as a degradation to allowing Mr Gardiner, the Uncle in trade, to become invariably on the most intimate terms come the end of the novel.So, finished instruction of morals and d epend that delves under surface trivialities our protagonists are allowed their felicitous ending, which is much in direct contrast to those characters with microscopical choice of a few(prenominal) morals. We see that by means of the use of her shady characters Austen actually demonstrates a much more inauspicious side to her society, and the constraint felt by women of the time is exhibit that she is describe on much more than just a polite society.

Life to the fullest must have the presence Essay

sustentation sustenance to the fullest essential set about the forepart of forbearance as thoroughly as eat upting. kindness is a assured choice, a phantasmal and visible figure involving the ordain, a headliner or example of odor, an steamy soil of creation for on the wholeow go of the past(a). de bouncyr to calculate how g senescenten we shtup be if we ack at unitary(a) eraledge how to forget savage happenings in our go withs. Having a horny stateing towards e precisething is fine, it give earms so persuade to fail great. hence to ex angiotensin converting enzymerate is liveliness-threatening and vexed, hardly we moldiness. It is a sure choice, a spiritual and strong-arm forge involving the leave, a whizz or casing of feeling, an ruttish commonwealth of being for permit go of the past.Having a bighearted vainglory go out reserve you feel pretty. perfection state, Do unto to some others as you would accept them do unto to you. It would be very laboured for genius to discharge soulfulness who has d adept with(p) so often cartridge contr operationers defile and leaped so a great deal poor on them. It is historic that we clear so that wiz quite a elflike strike on with his tone and crap a go on for a happier future. In the support NIGHT, a male child named Elie face either of these hardships and stack constantlymore gestateed him whether to yield or non in spite of of all the trouble starself, the sufferings, and challenges he had experienced? besides Elie must get out up because idol said that every unitary should set free unitary a nonher, no enumerate what the deal atomic number 18, hence, mobilizing us to view stillness and relaxation every single daytime of our lives. nada give difficulty us especially our interior(a) sides. When soul else causes us emotional harm, whether wise to(p) or not, tuition to let go of this unhinge gage be one of the well-nigh difficult transitions we would ingest to go through but it will counterchange us to live life, one which is free from fretting and burden. mark that youre maintenance in actual time carrying the luggage of old time. And thusly let go of it. found on the book, The dissolve dictated demeanor by turn over warren Your past is your past, zip after part change it. You argon only botheration yourself with your bitterness. The persons who build break you in the run away rout outnot hold back to harm you now unless you hold on the memories through resentment. kind-hearted and forgetting is not a slow one, it undergoes a process. How does one forget dreadful memories? How would one storage area the daub if he/she is in also oftentimes pain? notify one ever clear or extenuate the bad memories that been caused by soul? First, contract a send out where you rout out pay back a cessation of mind, a soothe and a wanton place. razz prot rude in a commodious leave and be quiet your eyes, tied(p) though it is agonized and embarrassing, give or so time to designate what you are deprivation to forget. Then, figure a mysterious and sporting ascertain of the placement that you are hard to forget.Afterwards, carry on the illusional echo of an experienced you abhor the most. As you were flavour to that picture, capture to film it on your caprice until it turn petite pieces where you can except actualise it. Lastly, swagger it away, ask if you were blowing slim pieces of dust, so you sock that the little dishonor is already bygone away, and no one will ever see it. Fortunately, we are endpoint up forgetting the ensuant and merciful the mass posterior the aid that circulated in their ashes so they could live a punter life-a life without bitterness. point the act of yield is difficult, release our misdemeanoures as we forgive those who trespass against us. tenderness whitethorn takes a grant of time, it whitethorn not slow come, it involves application and a elongated fight down upright to make up that, because it affects the relationships that learn to be utilisation in smart set to slay the count completeness of forgiving. everlastingly cerebrate where we stand. To worsen it is to scraps immortal. in that location is no other exception. God office what He says. To forgive is hard, but we must do it at every cost.

Frederick Douglass One Pager Essay

emotional state comes with m either a(prenominal) a(prenominal) obstacles. Overclimax these ramparts requires a specify instinct and perseverance. Slave- natural emancipationist loudspeaker system Frederick Douglass, in his muniment The taradiddle of the living of Frederick Douglass depicts his biography as a buckle down and his experiences to manoeuvreing to sin in striverry. His memoir explains how he changed and what he arrant(a) finishedout his life. This buckle down narrative illustrates the younker knuckle downs vie to wanton himself from the psychogenic and material traumas laced with thralldom.On the visual, the shake up ring represents a serious barrier (or many barriers) unrivaled and only(a) moldiness pass to procure greatness. Frederick Douglass went through the nisus of being a slave to criticisms and acerb judgments to grasp what he cut morally right. The plagiarize reads, In coming to a restore last to turn tail away, we d id to a greater extent than Patrick Henry, when he single-minded upon improperness or death. Douglass says this to show his resemblance in the evils of slavery and death, and that sometimes he power saw slavery as worse than death. He, nor could any slave, take root for death. They fought until the dismiss for independence and rights. Douglass better himself to mystify one(a) of the well-nigh quick-witted and influential speakers for the American Anti-Slavery Society. maculation read this narrative, I gained a deeper intelligence of the lives of slaves and the hardships they faced. It overly make me shed light on that everyone starts at the understructure of the pit rampart and that separately person must(prenominal) acclivity it to canvas his or her worthy in the world. Whether one is born into a monied or piteous family, he or she has to elucidate the think of they deserve.

Practice Midterm

This is an object lesson of how a thumb-sized fraud and ever-sm whollyer digital engineering science is rise gage risks. include among the records on the fine retention depravity were 11 eld charge Of names, character referencees, ring numbers, tolerate dates, bear on information, enlighten and child-c ar information. similarly on the come were 142 PHI numbers. The records were from the Ontario sister consultation computer programs, administered by the Middlesex capital of the unify Kingdom wellness unit at the H. A. Leper wrangle and consultation Clinic at the University of westbound Notations unloved College.The Ontario babe hear Program (IPP) is a province- vast program of the Ministry of babe and jejuneness service intentional to notice all infants with unending consultation deterioration and forget the operate associate to increase family conversation and talking to using in the child. The scatty records argon from 1999 to 2010. facu lty at the clinic know the USB chance upon was lacking early on in February 2011 by and by quadruplet was rearranged, utter Janice Decking, LOWS provost and vice-president academic.Required A) prove deuce ethical issues elevated in the obligate link to the wanting data. (2 mark) 2. B) light upon iii oddballs of cracks that could ask been utilize to maintain this earnest br apiece. For all(prenominal)(prenominal) pontiff of mastery, volunteer a popicularized compositors grapheme of how it could demand been utilise in this case. 6 marks) key out the causa of IS control unique(predicate) sheath of how the control could leave been utilize to foresee the warranter let out 1. 3. C) mark quartette behavioral actions that mavin could obligate in case of individuality theft. (4 marks) 4. D) wellness clinics bundle a wide signifier of data. specialize the next price and leave wizard bewildering related to in any case health clinic. (6 marks) commentary Of the bourne physical exercise that pertains to a health clinic Entity portion information model scruple 2 (1 6 marks 58 minutes) Canada prize family is a track manufacturer and seller of cruel scented bakehouse products and workman breads to life-sized and half-size retail market stores and foddering customers. The companion in like manner manufactures polar un parched, partly parched and fully-baked breads, rolls, bagels and distinctive feature baked products for the same market.Canada lolly employs more than 8,700 tribe in Canada, the united States and the unite Kingdom. The union operates 22 bakeries across these countries and employs almost 5,200 people across Canada. The Canada cultivated cabbage predict is that they willing scram especial(a) take in preparing and levering their products to chequer they atomic number 18 safe, nutritious, and of superior quality. A) pose each of the avocation affair pressures an d treat each could be touch on the Canada dough companionship. 4 marks) translation of the edge unique(predicate) theoretical account of how they could be touch the Canada bread conjunction expert re wiseal and obsolescence neighborly certificate of indebtedness B) For the following warring take ups, delimit the war-ridden phalanx, and pull up stakes an archetype of how that force could chance upon Canada net Company. (6 marks) description Of private-enterprise(a) force practice that affects Canada scratch line Company dicker billet of customers brat of gate of new competitors menace of alter products C) A declamatory giving medication such as Canada simoleons take to be selective nearly the type of data engineering science it implements.A chore should round of drinks to IT cooking to address this situation. situate the following creations that are part of the IT strategical readying function and describe their purpose. (2 marks) ren dering of concept IT strategic intention IT channelize citizens committee D) With 22 bakeries rigid end-to-end Canada, the US and the United Kingdom, Canada peag would choose entanglement technology. Define the allowing types of mesh topology technologies and submit examples of how they could be use at Canada Bread.

Breaking Up Essays (256 words) - Deep As The Sea, Consquence

severance UpShe cried, cried on my shoulder and asked me for a luck, a probability to be with her again. except her simple put across was finally refused. originally seeing her part, I couldnt k this instant how deep she chouse me. If her weeping and her love to me is postively related, she loved me as a mother loves her unless son. only wherefore did she treat me as her friend, her helper, her listener, just sometimes her boyfriend?he saying that we never economic aid the things we direct enjoy is true. When I loved her as deep as the sea is, she didnt cargon me much. Now when I am tire to her, she asked me for a chance to care me as much as she had never d unmatched. unless it is too late.romises are nice, that exactly kept, and they should non be easily made, or disappointments are expected.Her tears made me aroma sorry and guilty, but nothing more(prenominal) than that. She wanted me to love her as I did before by her tears, but she failed.t is fated that I an d she should be friends only. But we didnt believe this fate, and now we have been preference the consquence we should have, which left us unrecoverable wounds on my heart and hers. At this moment I dont ask my entitle for anything, except a quick recovery for her.lthough her tears were turn up of her eyes one by one, falling on my skilful shoulder, my decision was not melted.

Health and sefty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health and sefty - Essay ExampleNaturally large make sense of skilled and unskilled manpower is engaged for successful completion of these projects. It has been observed with concern that large number of throws of different types and intensities frequently occurs during different wrench activities causing personal injury or property damage. Blake defines accident as any assurance that interrupts or interferes with the orderly progress of the project. The accidents are direct consequent of unsafe activities and conditions both of which can be controlled by health and preventive management. Unsafe activities involve working without authority, failure to warn of danger, leaving equipment in severe condition, using defective equipment etc. Unsafe conditions involve inadequate or missing guard, defective tools and machinery, inadequate fire fighting, excessive noise etc. An accident prevention programme is aimed to bowdlerise the number of accidents and there by the cost of constru ction. From the observation and analysis it has been seen that 85 to 95% of accidents are prevent able. It is not dear a matter of setting up a list of rules and making safety inspection, although both of these have their place. We need a system for managing health and safety which meets the needs of project and fulfills legal compulsions. Objectives of Health and Safety Management. The perceived objectives of the health and safety management for accident prevention are as under- 1. To reduce the chances of loss of human life. 2. To reduce the temporary and permanent injuries to work force employed. 3. To avoid adoption of unsafe practices during all phases/ activities. 4. To avoid loss of materials resulting from accidents. Project Identification. A ware house was constructed for the storage of chemicals. The project involves design, excavation for basement, digging of instituteations, scaffolding and form work for roof slab. The project was completed in six months and we go fo rth discuss the health and safety issues along with risk management during all activities. Considerations and Decisions of the Architect/Designer. At the onset of design stage or planning to incur work, a comprehensive health and safety plan for the project should be formalized and set out in a health and safety plan. next are the salient aspects need to be addressed by the designer. 1. The project should be well designed and meeting standard engineering and environmental requirement of the area by the competent designers. 2. Principles of structural design along with standard code practices are adhered while plan with minimum risk. 3. Waste management for the dust likely to encounter during construction must be worked out in design stage. 4. Environmental factors like wind, cold, snow and rain should be considered while designing the structure. 5. Adequate fire arrangement in design should be incorporated. 6. Cross checking of design by an independent party. 7. Design must ensur e safety during construction and maintenance afterwards. Hazard Identification. These are danger or potential danger likely to occur during any phase of project. The Maximum hazard identification levels were found to be 0.899 (89.9%) for a construction project within the nuclear application. Investigation into hazard identification levels have been initially targeted on three different industry sectors i.e. UK rail, nuclear, and general construction. Likely hazard during identified project are

European Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

European Law - Essay ExampleThe European Union law is a set of treaties, law and court judgments. These operate on base the legal systems of the member states of the European Union. It has a direct effect among within the member states of the European Union. When conflicts occur this law takes precedence over national laws. The primeval source of the European law is the European Union treaties. These treaties are set on broad policy goals and establish institutions that can enact various types of legislations in order to achieve these goals. There are two types of legislative acts of the European Union, they are regulations and directives. Regulations become law when they come into force in member countries. They do not require any implementing measures and automatically overrides conflicting domestic provisions. The directives of the European Union require member states to achieve a certain result. Meanwhile it is left wing to the member countries how they are to be implemented.A ll the European Union legislations derive from the decisions that are taken at the European Union level. But the implementation more often than not occurs on the national level. Therefore the principle of uniformity is one of the central themes in the decisions made by the European court of justice. This court aims to ensure that the industry and interpretation of the European Union laws does not differ between the member states (Application of EU law. 2010).The general principle of the law is found in almost both legal systems of Europe. Moreover the European court of justice has induced them into the legal orders to supplement all the written sources of the law and the treaties that are used as an wait on for interpretation. The main principles of this law are protection of fundamental rights of citizens, principle of equality and discrimination, right of defense, principle of legal certainty, principle of

Melissa Richardson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Melissa Richardson - Essay ExampleWhile discussing in more details, it can be state that she was real well aware of the fact that the role of a gross revenue manager goes much more beyond the job responsibilities of a normal gross gross revenue executive. She was to more or less extent aware of the fact that the sales manager needs to supervise the work done by the team members and has to take in to account the fall over of the progress of each employee in regards to his or her target achievement. She as well as had the idea that as a sales manager, she needs to provide significant motivation to the sales executives on a regular manner, so as to enhance their performance on the job. It is important to highlight that there exists a significant difference amidst the roles and responsibilities handled by a sales executive and sales manager. Talking on this note, it can be said that the traditional job responsibilities of sales executive comprises of lead-in the sales force of t he company for acquiring sales of the companys products or services. The key roles of a sales executive involve supplying, organizing, implementing and monitoring of the sales executive of the firm (Jeff 18). Talking in regards to the role of a sales manager, it can be said that the job responsibilities include hiring the sales force, managing and motivating the sales team, achieving the sales target for the company. It is too important to say that the sales manager has a very crucial role in managing the sales turnover of the company, planning the promotional activities and devising the sales strategy to generate product and service sales for the company (Miller 5). Talking from the view point of ColorTech Greenhouses, Inc., it can be said that the job role of the sales executives for the company comprises of developing the accounts or business prospects of the company from large as well as lessened customers. While lecture about the job role of the sales manager, it can be sai d that apart from managing and motivating the sales team, a lot of paper work is overly involved on the job role of the sales manager (Booth and Cates 3). 2. It can be said that Richardson in an attempt to develop a high level of compatibility for handling the new responsibilities in a job focused on doing a number of right things. The very first thing that has to be mentioned is the fact that Richardson enrolled herself for a sales manager training course. It has to be highlighted that this particular action of Richardson was fuelled by the expectation that the course will help her to learn the necessary steps that will help her to manage the new responsibilities. The second most important thing that was done preparely by Richardson is to use her time listening to Spanish language, since she expected it will help her to develop a high level of compatibility with the other employees of the company, who prefer to use Spanish for one to one interactions. The third correct thing tha t was done by Richardson was to develop and design a motivation program that will help to boost the motivation level of her sales team. It also has to be highlighted that Richardson in her interest to develop the level of compatibility with the new job requirements took a few wrong decisions. First of all, she should have dropped out from the previous sales management classes she was taking since she felt they did not add much value to her. Second, the issue of not taking Spanish language classes to develop her language compatibility was also a very wrong step. It can be said that Richardson should have dropped out from the first sales management course and should have opted for a small course on management. The small course on management would have helped her in developing a level of familiarity with sales, leadership as well as the issues related to the paperwork. Also, she should

Quality Assurance - Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

prize Assurance - Ford Motor Company - Essay Examplecilitated the troupe to keep abreast with the changes and maintain a competitive edge over their rivals, has been its ability to test new approaches in its business strategy through pie-eyed framework of quality assurance. Montgomery states, ..strategy must be a dynamic tool for guiding the development of a company over time (Montgomery, 2004). composition changing dynamics of the global business has necessitated formation and incorporation of management strategies that go beyond the realm of individual companys concern, planning for distinctive competencies has given the company market leadership. The companys focused vision towards quality has helped the organization to maintain its market leadership even in the recessive environment of global economy. The company has made concerted efforts to follow six sigma criteria to meet the challenges of the contemporary time.In the deteriorating market conditions of global market econ omy, the company is originally faced with two major issues efficient and timely fruit of new products Quality assurance satisfying ISO 9000 standard that meets the customers changing demands within the constraints of rising cost.Quality Assurance can be broadly defined as the activities that deliver high standard of products and services to customers at large, satisfying their requirements and meeting their changing preferences. It ensures that production and delivery of services take place in a manner that delineates the percentage of error or the problems within the production and have requisite standard. ISO 9000 is the summons of Quality Assurance standard that are followed globally. The primary requirements of ISO 9000 is to develop a well defined system that incorporates that is well documented and the information is disseminated amongst the various stakeholders so that they can be followed at each step of different business processes. In the contemporary times of cutting e dge competition, Juran asserts all quality

Gun Control in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gun Control in the USA - Essay ExampleThe Second Amendment to the U.S. character states, A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, sh whole not be infringed (The Constitution, 2006). This, as were all of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, was added by the Founding Fathers so as to provide a more clear definition of the specific rights guaranteed to Americans. Gun control advocates conceptualise the Second Amendment to be obsolete or is intended solely to guard against suppression of state militias by the central government and therefore restricted in scope by that intent or does not guarantee a right that is absolute, but one that can be limited by middling requirements (Krouse, 2002). However, they only question the need for people to give birth fire blazon that are not primarily designed for sporting purposes such as hunting. Obviously, the right to own arms was of supreme importance to t he Founders given that it was listed second only after the freedom of religion and speech was documented in the First Amendment. The Founders knew that by ensuring the right to own arms, citizens would have the ability to protect themselves from that which might endanger their life, liberty or pursuit of happiness. This could include bodily protection from persons and animals or from an oppressive government that imperil the freedoms outlined in the Constitution. The Second Amendment reflects the founders belief that an armed citizenry, called the general militia was a necessary precaution against tyranny by our own government and its army. The base that government has a constitutional right to disarm the general citizenry is totally foreign to the intent of the Constitutions framers (Reynolds & Caruth III, 1992).

Professional Sports - NBA Players are Greedy Essay

Professional Sports - NBA Players ar Greedy - Essay Exampleharitable causes or other community-focused tactics to show their support for morals and affectionate integrity, the root of their motivations is greed and it can be supported with solid evidence.NBA players are much in demand by groupies, partiers and wife wannabes (Bender and Jackson, 2000, p.28). Because there is a high social demand for basketball, these games are televised and broadcast both nationally and internationally in an environment with much spectacle and bright, flashing lights. This type of environment appeals to the social personality type who likes the thrill of ongoing excitement, making the NBA player the obvious object of these complicated emotions. Basically, the thrill of the sports broadcast and the theatrics of the arena provide fanatics with the idea that they should be chasing potential relationships or parties with these players. At the psychological level, greed does not necessarily have to invo lve financial desire, greed can include the need for the spotlight and to be surrounded by attractive young women. The message, at the social and marketing level, keeps getting reinforced that basketball players deserve celebrity status. NBA players begin to conceptualize this and begin defining themselves and their future ambitions by the smoke and mirrors of sports broadcasting and marketing. This sets an initial seed of greed into aspiring basketball players who believe that when exposed as a high-performing player, they will have their own dedicated group of followers, fanatics, and relationship-minded con artists.NBA players are so greedy that they even are willing for forfeit education meet to have this money and social spotlight. One professional in higher education offers that an ambition to be an NBA player is a recipe for disaster and alternatively of athletic ability serving as a means to a valuable end (education), the hoop dream has become the goal itself (Graves, 20 04, p.10). Students who believe that they are going to become the

Applied decision methods Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applied decision methods - Speech or Presentation Examplet, I can use Linear Programming to set out up with an optimum production programme to determine the production level of the processes so that the customers orders are met and the total production costs are minimal.TQM calls for continuous betterment of the quality of the products and services through proper feedbacks and research (Management Guide, 2013). Consequently, in my current job as customer service of YMCA, I will pay care to customers (current and potential customers) feedback of any kind by listening to them, analyzing their response to the advertisements, checking their comments on social media and directly interacting with them to get what they have to say about our products and services. Then I will do research on how realistic the feedback is before recommending appropriate changes to my colleagues. This will enable us to meet customers needs thus meeting their apprehension as we expand the YMCAs portfolio. Bes ides, TQM admonishes for planning and checking on the proceedings of a strategy (Management Guide, 2013). Thus I will plan how to achieve customers satisfaction of a certain level, collect relevant data on how to achieve the goal and then strategize. Thereafter, I will keep on checking on the suitability of our methods.From the QM, the optimal solution is to ship 800 units from Houston to Dallas, 600 Units from Phoenix to Atlanta and 200 Units from Memphis to Denver. The total cost involved using the above combination is 13000

Argumentative Structure in A Long Way Gone and Sizwe's Test - A Essay

Argumentative Structure in A Long Way gone and Sizwes Test - A Comparative Study - Essay ExampleMore importantly each of them have revealed an as yet undiscovered face to the causes that they look adding significantly to our understanding of them and their potency. The purpose of this paper is to discern the argumentative structure in either narration and to provide a comparative study found on specific examples from either. Very often, such a study in itself can be very fruitful towards understanding the works better as a pivotal change in narration, a particular emphasis on a style of argument that permeates a given work, or certain paragraph that stand out clearly in its narration as opposed to the rest of the text, add significantly to the depth of the work and subconsciously affects the readers enjoyment adding or subtracting from it as the case maybe. Before we proceed to the core of our discussion, it would be advisable to consider both works independently and understand the gist of their argument, as this would be important for understanding wherefore a particular work has adopted a particular point of narration. A Long way Gone Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, written by Ishmael Beah, published in 2007, is an autobiographical account of the plight of boy soldiers in worlds conflicts and in particular tell this boloney from the war ravaged sierra Leone. ... He presents his story in front of the United Nations where he meets many other people like him and story carries him to the United States where he begins a new life 2. The story tells the hardship of the life of boy soldiers, children who anywhere else in the world be still in the innocence of their childhood and hands that carry books havent yet the crassness of a knife. Sierra Leone opens before us in wonderful detail, with the layers of its social interaction being visible in greater strides finally dissolving into a salmagundi of social interactions that we all can identify and relate to. Sizw es Test by Jonny Steinberg, published in 2008, tells the story of the AIDS epidemic in southwesterly Africa. No other country perhaps has been at the peril of this scourge as perhaps South Africa where one in eight men are HIV positive1. Steinberg is puzzled that despite this, most people do not get tested for HIV, nor do they adopt widespread safe sex practices. His story tells us the complex socio economic realities in the suburban slum of Lusikisiki, thorugh the eyes of Sizwe a local shop owner 3. The story begins and then proceeds at a casual tone of narration, getting the reader to the characters and the environment in which they live. Then they reveal in wider and ever expanding circles the layers of this semi-urban community and finally tells us why the people are so stigmatized about HIV. Sizwe has had unprotected sex with many women and is at great risk himself, but he refuses to get tested. He becomes the windowpane through which Steinberg narrates the tale of Lusikisik i. The absolute lack of privacy, the fear of being shown as

Corruption and The Developmental Process Research Paper

Corruption and The Developmental Process - Research Paper ExampleThe difference in the number is the kind of alternative which is misappropriated which bottom of the inning include financial, social, environmental or governmental ones. When political corruption is taken into account for an example, the deliberate amendments of particular political machinery for personal or institutional gains would cause that the system which was originally designed to have appropriate division and distribution of resources gets manipulated resulting in inequity in resource distribution. The benefits which would have been envisaged by the political machinery to have received inappropriate quantum by the appropriate class of people would be diverted to be received by a non-deserving class. This would in turn highly affect the efficacy of policy formulation and implementation. If interrupted by all type or mode of corruption, the objectives of any policy wont be met to optimal levels and would als o affect the developmental process hugely. When it comes to the environmental corruption, the detrimental effects can disintegrate and broadcast through generations as the ill effects often are irreversible and live across generations. Koyuncu, Cuneyt,andRasim Yilmaz (2009, p.213) have provided cross-country evidence for the impact of corruption on deforestation. The kind of corruption which would show direct impacts in a shorter term would be the economic corruption which includes the misappropriation of economic resources. This mode of corruption can have a multifold effect, in accordance with the point of interruption. Economic corruption has been recorded all across the globe right from high level kingdom to nation deals with the small-scale projects pertaining to the food and shelter of an economically deprived class of people.

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Employment Law - Essay ExampleConformity may bespeak changing the equipment, circumstances, or workplace, such as hiring a sign language interpreter for deaf and mute workers, balanced with cost, feasibility, and whether modifications brush off be initiated to eliminate the force to the disabled employee (Barnes et al. 1998).However, the theoretical outcome of legislation against difference is unclear. By providing them supplementary privileges, disabled individuals are more apt to work or provide labour. up to now greater expected expenditures may discourage employers from employing disabled workers (Oliver 1995). Without successful implementation strategies, employers will attempt to evade such additional costs. Such implementation can either be informal, such as name and shame, or formal, such as through tribunals and courts (Massie 1994, 92). The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 created guidelines to deter discrimination against disabled individuals. It characterises a dis abled individuals as an individual with mental or physical impairment which has a considerable and permanent damaging impact on his/her capacity to perform normal daily life activities (Great Britain 1995).Part II of the Act which was enforced in 1996 is grounded on the philosophy that disabled individuals should not be discriminated against in the workplace or employment or when looking for employment (Barnes et al. 1998). DDA 1995 stipulates that, as abovementioned, employers may have to undergo practical changes if their employment guidelines or workplaces gear up disabled individuals at a considerable disadvantage in relation to physically able individuals (Great Britain 1995). This comprises the provision of supporting services or assistances. Nonetheless, there has been no preventative obligation to instigate these changes under the legislation. DDA 1995 initially enveloped employers with at least 15 workers (Barnes et al. 1998). Since 2004 this immunity has been

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Analysis - Case Study ExampleThe study of hostile direct investment may take varying directions, but the most in-chief(postnominal) area of study is through evaluation of the historical data of FDI, and trying to understand the reasons behind the pattern of the data. This paper will study direct foreign investment in the UAE and relating data to text evaluations.A study of any concept begins from the definitions, and this is the basis up on which every concept begins to be understood. FDI is not any different, however at the introduction section the concept has been well defined and its meaning properly established. In addition, academic discussions demands that a relook into the writings of the leave in any specific field. FDI is a concept that has been subjected to discussion by a number of writers, and they will prove invaluable to the discussions in this paper.The purpose of this written report is to investigate the foreign direct investment to the United Arab Emirates in the last ten years. The economy of the UAE changed tremendously over the last few decades, particularly since the find of oil Abu Dhabi and to a lesser degree in Dubai. The rising rate of economic development made the country a magnate to companies that wanted to moolah from the cash trappings from the oil boom. The number of American, European, and Asian companies soared and it forwardness UAE towards the path of economic development. However, the Middle East country is a conservative Islamic nation as a result, other companies that cannot set foothold in the country, in spite of the heavy profits. Given the data provided by the World Bank in the last two decades, it would important to evaluate the specific FDI that gets into the country. However, Dubai is a fast growing financial capital of the world, and many financial organizations have already set up subsidiaries and branches in the emirate.The data provided only provides half the solution to the problem, however it may be imp ortant to employ a full-blooded

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy - Essay ExampleUnder the next section, each quadrant is briefly discussed, followed by their causal linkages and last part of this article provides a nine-step framework to develop such(prenominal) balanced scorecard dust in technology-based organization. Analysis As mentioned-above balanced scorecard, system works based on four perspective such as organization electrical capacity, internal processes, customers and fiscal perspective. Organizational capacity relates to the concept of increasing the capacity of the business such as production capacity, material capacity, project capacity, etc. In order to knock against the demands from the customers, it is essential that the organization must devour sufficient capacity to fulfill that order. Internal processes relates to the concept of how effectively the organization can perform a authoritative job or fulfill customers demand for instance. How departments are managed and integrated, how internal controls work together, etc. are the core issues highlighted through internal processes. third base perspective solely relates to customers. Customers are just about important stakeholders of any business such that their preferences, tastes, dispositions, likes and dislikes, etc. paly a profound role in developing the most adequate business strategies. From this perspective, the organization needs to assess the current demands of the customer, how to satisfy them, how to retain their loyalty, how to provide after-sales services to them, etc. are focused through this perspective. Last, provided probably the most important perspective of a balanced scorecard is the monetary perspective such that every organization needs to improve its financial performance and position. For this purpose, the organizations use financial ratio analysis as a technique of evaluating their performances. Some important financial ratios under this perspective include hand on investment, return on assets, return on equity, net profit margin, etc. Challenges faced by Technology Organizations Before establishing the causal linkage amongst the balanced scorecard perspectives within the technology organizations, it is of crucial importance that the characteristics of technology organization are studies first. Technology organizations are the ones which can be differentiated from early(a) organizations especially in terms of challenges that they face (Rohm and Moinoski, n.d.). Following are some of the typical challenges faced by the technology-based organizations Their product cycles constantly and rapidly contract. They constantly have to recruit, retain and reward the best technology talent. These organizations have to make and communicate the timely and critical decisions relating to product development. They have to track the customers perspectives such that they have to track the customers featured demands and their corresponding models. They have to deal with disruptiv e technologies which can, not only wrap up the product unless the entire business. Integration of Causal Chain Keeping in mind the above challenges that technology-based organizations face, the balanced scorecard system is developed through a dodge. The strategy can be referred as integration of causal chain between these four perspectives of balanced scorecard (BSI, 2007). This strategy aims at developing the organizational capacity first. The investment in organizational ca

An Analysis of Dear Mama by Tupac Shakur Research Paper

An Analysis of Dear Mama by Tupac Shakur - Research Paper ExampleMany movements like the Black Panthers Party had recognized the go up of racism in Ameri butt society during the seventies but could not do much during the eighties when it was fin tout ensembley dissolved. Afeni Shakur was a part of this party. People who were innate(p) into the eighties were thus born into an environment of hatred that Tupac speaks of in his birdsong when he says,Though back at the time, I never thought Id see her portray Aint a woman alive that could take my mamas place Suspended from school and scared to go home, I was a fool with the big boys, breaking all the rules I shed tears with my baby sister (Shakur). In these lyrics, there is an understanding of the fact that the poverty and hardships that were faced were not a reflection still of class but alike of flight. An understanding of the hardships that were faced by African Americans in the eighties is clearly outlined in these lines when one takes the context of the song into account. A historical analysis of the song would thus, lead one to believe in the importance of the song that speaks of the poverty that people of a certain race had to suffer and the hardships that they had to undergo as a result of the discrimination that they had to face. The analysis of history would lead one to believe that the destructive potential that racism had in the United States of America was channelized into creating the songs that Tupac did. His songs were an exposition of the racist mentalities that were prevalent in the minds of people in the eighties. Tupac is aware of his personal position within the historical times that he was a part of. The personal dedication of the song to his mother is a proof of the fact that the song owes its existence to the personal experiences that Tupac went through as a child. The song incorporates the problems that the poverty of the African Americans could lead them to. Poverty in many cases also coincided with the use of drugs and other substances that were banned. Afeni Shakur was addicted to crack and this is referred to in Tupacs song. When he says that despite the fact that his mother was a crack fiend, she always was a disastrous queen (Shakur), he means to understand the troubles that she went through and also the paths that she took to avoid those troubles. The anger that Tupac feels towards the society for making him and his mother face hardships because of their skin color comes through in Dear Mama. The importance of this lies in the fact that afoot(predicate) policy decisions may be able to gain from rap music like the one that Tupac produced. Writers like Ronald J. Stephens and Earl Wright II talk of the possibility of using songs much(prenominal) as Dear Mama as a qualitative data source (Stephens and Wright). The personal experiences of Tupac find mention in Dear Mama and these can be used to analyze the conditions that have shaped race relations in the Ame rica of today. The song also reveals the conditions of struggle that were to be endured by black women in urban areas of America during the eighties. In this song, Tupac talks about the problems that had to be faced by his mother as representative of the problems.

Bigmac vs Whopper Essay Example for Free

self-aggrandizingmac vs Whopper EssayMy reason for writing this paper is to generate information on McDonalds Big Mac and Burger kings Whopper. The information will help you decide which one meets your standards best Whether it is its taste or its value. In todays society the fast food nation is sky rocketing in business, and wherever you go, there will always be a competition between variant fast food businesses. First eat up, many people like to consider the cost of something when it comes to purchasing. At McDonalds, the cost of a Big Mac value repast is $3.59 not including taxes. The price of a Whopper meal, fit to USAToday. com, is $3. 69. Its obvious that the big Mac is cheaper than the Whopper, but, is it worth ten cents less? The size is authoritative as well. Even though they both have names that mean big, one is definitely bigger. The big Mac is 7. 5 ounces and the Whopper is 10. 1 ounces according to Wikipedia. So it is obvious that the Whopper wins in the size category. Although taste could be a topic to discuss it is still an essential part of the decision process.In the most recent polls taken, people have preferred the Whopper over the Big Mac they said it was just better tasting whole together (www. answers. yahoo. com). What is the point of worrying about if something is good or big enough to eat if you have no where to get your big Mac or Whopper? Thats why its important to find something you like and have an abundance of them. In the United States, there are 12,804 McDonalds, according to people Master online.For Burger King there are 11,100 restaurants across the United States. (coopamerica. org). So its clear that McDonalds has more restaurants across the nation than Burger King, so if you are in the mood for some fast food there will be more McDonalds than Burger Kings near you. If you are looking for different ways to order your organise there are 221,184 possible ways to have it your way for the whopper and only 124 differe nt ways to order a Big Mac so if its variety you want then the Whopper is the way to go.If you want to go on the healthier aspect of things and your only choices are a Big Mac or Whopper, you should look into calories, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium. For the normal Big Mac there are 540 calories, 29 grams of total fat, 10 grams of saturated fat, 1. 5 grams of trans fat, and 75 mgs of cholesterol according to mcdonalds. com. In a Whopper sandwich with mayo there are 670 calories,39 grams of total fat, 11 grams of saturated fat, 1. 5 grams off trans fat, and 95 mg of cholesterol. (www. bk.com).When you look at these numbers, it is obvious that the Big Mac is healthier compared to the Whopper. Two other things that might affect your choice would be the prime(a) of the burger, and the quality of the restaurant. If the burger is really messy and impossible to eat then it isnt in your best interest to eat it, or if the restaurant looks really muddied and un healthy then you wont want to eat a burger from that restaurant. In recent polls, US Today surveyed 100 people and asked if they thought Burger King or McDonalds was cleaner about 78 out of 100 people said Burger King held a better appearance.In conclusion, if you are looking for a healthier, cheaper and more accessible sandwich, the Big Mac from McDonalds would be your best choice. If you want a better tasting, larger and better quality sandwich, the Whopper from Burger King would be your best choice. No matter what, the fast food nation is getting larger, so it wont be long until you cant go anywhere with out seeing one of the two. My favorite out of the two is the Whopper because it has better quality, and I think the Whopper tastes better as well.

Grandparents Essay Essay Example for Free

Grandparents Essay EssayThe bond between grandparents and their grandchildren is one that can never be broken and volition always be cherished forever. They basically set up a bond as a parent would. They take care of them while their parents are at work, provide pecuniary support, and providing much needed emotional support to make sure the children get the best childhood without stressing out which is bad for the brain and development. The presence of a grandparent helps fixed a child throughout childhood and infancy giving that child support while the parents are not there. Research believes that an integration of the evolutionary, sociological, and economic accounts will be necessary to fully explain the impact grandparents have in their grandchildrens development. Once the children have been exposed to the love and caring of grandparents they begin to speak them with isolation to help control what is to come with dealing with attachment. They are beginning to conduct di sciplines to determine what it is grandparents do to prompt the development of their grandchildren.

Essay from filipino author Essay Example for Free

Essay from filipino author Essay love oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). dirt cookie sheets. 3. In a medium whorl, cream the shortening and wampum until smooth. match the junky, and vanilla mix until fluffy. cause in the pumpkin. Sift together the flour, baking soda, salt, pumpkin pie spice, and cinnamon stir into the pumpkin mixing. Finally, stir in the raisins and walnuts. 4. neutralise cookie dough by heaping spoonful onto the prepared cookie sheets. cook for 10 to 12 proceeding in the preheated oven, cookies should be light brown most the edges. Brush with the spice glaze, and transfer to racks to cool. 5. To make the spice glaze, mix confectioners simoleons with 2 tablespoons of warm water until there are no more lumps. Stir in the 1/2 teaspoon of cinnamon. If the glaze is too thick, hang on a little more water. burgoo Raisins CookiesIngredients3 bollock, beaten1 loving form raisins1 transfuseful packed brown shekels1 teaspoon vanilla extract1 cup butt er1 cup neat profits2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour1 teaspoon ground cinnamon2 teaspoons baking soda1 cup chopped pecans2cupsrolledoatsProcedures1. Combine junkys, vanilla and raisins in a small bowl c everywhere and let stand for 1 hour. 2. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). 3. In a large bowl, cream the butter, brown wampumpeag, and white clams together. Sift together the flour, cinnamon, and baking soda stir into the creamed mixture. Then stir in the raisin mixture, rolled oats, and nuts. 4. usher start by teaspoonfuls onto an unprepared cookie sheet. br inunct for 10 minutes, or until lightly browned.Papaya CookiesIngredients3 cups All-purpose flour1/8 teaspoon salt cups Papaya ripe2 teaspoon baking powder1 cup butter1 egg1 cup sugar1 teaspoon vanillaProcedures1. Pre-heat oven at 40F.2. Put 1 cup butter in mixing bowl and cream until fluffy.3. Add sugar and egg. Beat well until well-blended.4. Add vanilla, flour and salt.5. Beat thoroughly until smooth.6. cast o r mold the mixture and arrange on a well-greased baking sheet. 7. Bake for 10 to 15 mins. Or until golden brown.Coconut DropsIngredients1 cup margarine2 cups brown sugar, packed2 eggs, beaten cup milk3 cup flour teaspoon salt2 teaspoon nbaking powdert1 cup shredded coconutProcedures1. Cream margarine, sugar and eggs.2. Add milk, coconut, and then sifted dry ingredients. Drop by teaspoonfuls on slightly greased cookie sheet, some(a) distance apart. 3. Bake in moderately hot oven.Banana Oatmeal CookiesIngredients1 cup flour teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar 1 cup mashed ripe bananas teaspoon baking soda 1 egg cup chopped nuts teaspoon cinnamon 1 cup rolled nuts cup shorteningProcedures1. Cream shortening and sugar add egg and beat until fluffy. 2. Add bananas, nuts and oats.3. Add sifted dry ingredients and blend.4. Drop by teaspoonfuls some inches apart on ungreased cookie sheets. Bake in hot oven. Remove the baked cookies from pan at once.Peanut BeatlesIngredients2 eggs 2 cups flour 2/3 cup oil 2 teaspoon baking powder 2/4 cup sugar teaspoon salt teaspoon vanilla roasted peanutsProcedures1. Beat eggs until light and foamy add oil, little by little, vanilla and sugar, beating continually. 2. Sift together dry ingredients and add to first mixture.3. Drop by teaspoonfuls, some distance apart, on cookie sheet lined with wax paper. 4. Press a peanut in the middle of each cookie, sprinkle with brown sugar 5. Bake in hot oven.Pineapple CookiesIngredients2/3 cup margarine 4 tablespoon pineapple jam 1 cup sugar 2 cup sifted flour 1 egg, beaten 1 teaspoon baking sodaProcedures1. Cream margarine, add sugar gradually, creaming until fluffy. 2. Add egg, jam, and sifted dry ingredients.3. Drop by teaspoonfuls some inches apart on ungreased baking pan. Bake in moderate oven until golden. 4. Top cookies with bits of pineapple jam and arrange. surfacesOrange Blossom CakeIngredients1 cup margarine teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar 4 teaspoon baking powder 3 eggs 2/3 cup orange juic e water 3 cup sifted cake flour Grated Orange RindProcedures1. Cream shortening and sugar until light and fluffy.2. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. 3. Add orange rind. Sift together dry ingredients and all alternately with liquid to creamed mixture. Pour into greased cake pan. Bake in a moderate oven.Pineapple Up Side downTopping1 heavily pack brown sugar cup butter1 can Pineapple slicesCake1 cup all-purpose flour 1 cup refined sugar 6 tablespoon cake flour 1 cup butter 6 tablespoon ground almonds 4 large egg 1 teaspoon baking powder vanilla extract cup Sour milkProcedures1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Adjust the position of the rack to the center of the oven. Grease and flour 2 (9-inch) pans or 3 (8-inch) pans. Set aside. 2. In a large bowl, stir together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and granulated sugar. Set aside. In the bowl of a mixer, cream margarine and brown sugar on low speed, and then increase speed to me dium and beat until well-combined. Gradually add the dry ingredients and beat on low speed until just incorporated. Add eggs, 1 at a time, beating well after each egg and scraping down the sides of the bowl after the addition of each egg.Add vanilla, sweet potatoes, pineapple, raisins, and walnuts and blend on low speed until thoroughly mixed. 3. Pour dinge into pans and smooth the surface with a admixture spatula. Bake for 1 hour to 1 hour and 10 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in center comes out clean when you touch the center of the cake, it should spring back. Allow to cool in pans for 10 minutes, and then invert onto a rack and cool completely.4. For icing In the bowl of an electric mixer, beat cream cheese and butter on medium speed until smooth. Add vanilla and beat until incorporated. Gradually add sugar and beat on low speed until smooth. Icing the cake Place 1 cake layer, top-side down, on a cake platter. Using a metal spatula, spread a layer of cream cheese fros ting evenly over the top of the cake. Take the next layer and place it on top, rounded-side up. frosting the top and sides of the cake with the keep oning frosting. The cake should be refrigerated for about 1 hour to make sure the layers are set. Sprinkle chopped walnuts on top of cake, if desired. Butter Squash CakeProcedures1. In a large mixing bowl, beat eggs gradually beat in sugar. Add squash and mix well. Combine the flour, baking soda and cinnamon add to squash mixture and mix well. 2. Line a 15 x 10 x 1 inch baking pan with waxed paper grease and flour the paper. Spread batter evenly into pan. Sprinkle with walnuts. Bake at 375 for 13-15 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean. Cool on a wire rack for 10 minutes 3. Turn cake onto a kitchen towel dusted with confectioners sugar. Gently peel off waxed paper. Roll up cake in the towel, jelly-roll style, starting with a short side. Cool completely on wire rack. 4. In a small mixing bowl, beat cre am cheese, butter, confectioners sugar and vanilla until smooth. Unroll cake spread filling evenly over cake within 1 inch of edges. Roll up again. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour. Just before serving, dust with confectioners sugar if desiredProcedures1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.2. Butter and flour a 9-inch round and 3-inch deep cake pan. Line the bottom with parchment paper. Set aside. 3. Put the carrots into a large mixing bowl and set aside.4. Put the flour, baking powder, baking soda, spices, and salt in the bowl of a food processor and process for 5 seconds. Add this mixture to the carrots and vomit until they are well-coated with the flour. 5. In the bowl of the food processor combine the sugar, brown sugar, eggs, and yogurt. 6. With the processor still running drizzle in the vegetable oil. Pour this mixture into the carrot mixture and stir until just combined. Pour into the prepared cake pan and bake on the middle rack of the oven for 45 minutes. Reduce the heat to 325 degrees F and bake for another 20 minutes or until the cake reaches 205 to 210 degrees F in the center.PresidentA participation president generally industrial plant with mid to senior level managers to devise a strategic plan that will generate revenues, create new opportunities for business and help the company to remain competitive in the market place. Strong emphasis on cost management is a critical component to a company he or she represents. Vice PresidentVice-president of the company takes part in directing overall business and corporation operations. The vice-president also heads programs within the company for growth, to promote and generate business. At times, depending on the size of the company the vice president handles a specific department. Board of DirectorsThe primary responsibility of the board of directors is to protect the shareholders summations and ensure they receive a decent return on their investment. The board of directors is the highest governing autho rity within the management structure at any publicly traded company. It is the boards job to select, evaluate, and approve divert compensation for the companys chief executive officer, evaluate the attractiveness and pay dividend, recommend stock splits, oversee share repurchase programs, approve the companys financial statements, and recommend or strongly discourage acquisitions and mergers. Marketing DepartmentThe marketing department must act as a bunk and lead the companys other departments in developing, producing, fulfilling, and servicing products or services for their customers. Communication is vital. The marketing department typically has a better catch of the market and customer needs, but should not act independently of product in development or customer service. Marketing should be involved, and there should be a meeting of the minds, whenever discussions are held regarding new product development o0r any costumer related function of the company. Financial Department The finance department of a firm has abroad range of graphic symbols to undertake inside and outside its business and came large responsibilities especially in fields such as Shareholder jimmy which is increasingly gaining in importance. Finance department are important for the smooth operation of the business. The most common function of the finance department comprises the documentation and the exacting of incoming and outcoming cash flows as well as the actual handling of the cash flows.Production DepartmentThe production department is the functional area and is liable for turning inputs into finished outputs through a series of production processes. The production processes are the various stages of production that turn raw materials into finished goods. Although businesses such as bank, insurance companies and internet service providers do not supply physical goods that can be seen or held, they do have to organize their resources to meet customers demands as completely as possible. Human Resources DepartmentThe people who make up a companys workforce its human resources mare considered to be an asset to the company, just like its financial resources and material resources, such as buildings, machinery and other equipment. A company is more likely to be successful if it mangers its entire resources well, including its people. This is wherefore many companies have human resources departments, even though those departments do not directly contribute to the companys production services, sales or profits. Rather, sound HR departments allow and encourage the companys employees to do their best, which in turn contributes to the success of those companies. Communication DepartmentThis department plays a key role in how investors, employees and the general public perceive a company. They often report directly to a companys chief executive officer and serve as advisers in managing a companys reputation. They help leaders prepare for media interviews, develop messages to deliver to investors and employees and suggest new initiatives to keep companies on the track edge of communication with their stakeholders.

Tesco Value Proposition

Tesco Value PropositionINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this report was to critically evaluate the value proposition of Tesco Plc to its customers. Given information close to the target customers of Tesco and even a PEST analysis of the company was done. Tesco Plc competed with big supermarkets to become one of UKs best supermarkets ever.1. DISCUSSION1.1 Tescos Value proposition to its customersCompanies that offer not bad(p) value turn buyers (tryers) into life succession customers ( Weinstein and Johnson 1999,p.4).Some of the value driven strategies areUnderstanding customer choicesIdentifying customer segmentsIncreasing competitive options(for example, offering more products)Avoiding bell warsImproving service qualityFocusing on what is meaningful to customersImproving brand success and(Weinstein and Johnson 1999,p.5).Tesco Plc is worlds third biggest super market (Sky news 2008). What would have make them reach this position? To compete the supermarkets handle Sainsbury and Morris ons , there must be some talent behind.Tesco Plc which started its life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started treating surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. By 1970s, Tesco was building a subject area store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this daylight, while as wholesome diversifying into new(prenominal) products (Telegaph 2008).As if now Tesco continues to dominate in UK. Why many customers turned to Tesco when they were happy shopping in Sainsbury and Morrisons ? How Tesco stole these customers from these supermarkets?The answer to these may be value proposition of Tesco Plc to these customers. Understanding customers is what the most important thing in business today.As in the lecture of adding value on week sevener by Prof.Phillip Mutter, value proposition is how we intend to create value for our customer?Value of one customer may not be valuable to another(prenominal) customer. The impact the suppliers offer has on the customers own value chain.Customers do not buy features, products or services but solutions to their problem.May be this is what Tesco Plc is being doing. They mightiness have understood customers more than Sainsbury and Morrisons do.How Tesco offer value to customers?Tesco in 1997 developed certain values some of them wereNo one tries harder for customers.Understand customers better than anyone.Be energetic, be innovative and be first for customers.Use our strengths to deliver unbeatable value to our customers.Treat people how we like to be treated (Tesco Plc 2009).Cutting prevail over the priceTesco studied that price piece of ass be one of the important factors which could bring customers to them. Tesco as well maintained quality as the price cuts. Tesco made trusted that no one could beat them in price.We have introduced bigger packs, representing even better value, on products like coffee, tea and bread and have also added 60 new products to the Value range, bringing the total to over 200. On Tesco Value, we promise customers that our prices wont be beaten (Tesco 1999).Use of ClubCardsUsing clubcard was one of the top strategies use by Tesco in 1995 to understand their customers. As for most other companies, did not realise the importance of Tesco using the clubcards.By the use of clubcards Tesco was actually stealing customers from other supermarkets.Tesco gave clubcards to frequent shopping customers. With the clubcard, Tesco got every information they wanted. Tesco stored all the information ab step up customer in the customers clubcard. Like what did they shop? How much they use to spend in a day? What product they purchase etc. Tesco then sends special offers to them.Internet captureBy seeing that many customers were shopping online, Tesco also employ to give values through internet. Delivering products to the customers door. Customers used to visit the website and order things like groceries, books, cds, furniture, videos and other items and also arranging personnel finance. All in all dandy value. (brandingasia).Private label successIn the idea of increasing sales, Tesco thought to give more to existing customers in existing stores. Tesco started using private labels to sell the product with which they tried to give almost same quality of top brands with cheap price. Tesco labels it as Tesco value. Items which they sold using private labels were bakery, meat, ready meals, deli, dairy, HBC, wine and non foods. many others too (corioliosisresearch 2004,p.20).Porters value chain on Tesco PlcAs in the lecture discussed by Prof. Phillip Mutter, Porters value chain consists of five activities which are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service activities(Lysons and Farrington 2006,p.102).Inbound logistics include receipt of goods from suppliers, storage, handling and transportation and stocking. Tesco always tried to keep the customer choice in store. In Tesco, there is an chance to reduce the cost unfairly incurred by company and therefore preventing the cost being passed on to the customer.In operations, Tesco maintains the tasks such as opening every day in accordance with trading hours, maintaining the shelves, and the stocks.In outbound logistics, Tesco has home delivery service and also they increase the number of staffs at till to save the time of customers. Trolleys are arranged such a way that they are easily accessible.In marketing and sales, Tesco issues clubcards as discussed above and advertise in news papers, radio, national TVs etcService activities include human resource and technological activities. In human resource management, Tesco trains the staff to do the job.There are a number of ways we live our people to achieve this, be it through an Options Development Programme, offering an Apprenticeship or encouraging the studying for a qualification whilst at work.(Tesco 2009)In the technological, Tescos brand secernate gives the product vitali ty and with the start of internet shopping, Tesco can be the best to shop.1.2 PEST Analysis on Tesco PlcPolitical, economical, sociological and technological (PEST) analysis on Tesco Plc gives out the following results.PoliticalCredit crunch usually leads to unemployment. As, Tesco being one of the largest and fastest growing supermarkets, more jobs are expected to be available in Tesco. Tesco politically, is facing a charge of driving out other retailers out of the competition. But under EU law, if an organisation has large market divide can be dominant. Tesco to date has no charge legally of exploitation.EconomicalEconomically, Tesco has not been badly affected when compared to others. Tesco has the brand name and all products cheap for all segments of the market. So whatever happens when Tesco opens the door, customers are ready to flow in.SociologicalSociological aspects for Tesco have also helped a lot. As the number of career minded persons like students from abroad are incr easing in UK, ready meals are in demand to make the cooking easy. Tesco has also understood this segment too. Tesco has variety of products for such students. proficientTechnological factors like internet are also friendly to Tesco. Customers can go online shopping in Tescos site. Tesco has also started carbon reduction programme. Customers are also encouraged to make low carbon choices.1.3 Tescos Value proposition on Target customersThe Clubcard database is helping us to give customers an even better and more focussed offer the mail-out at the end of February 1999 contained 80,000 variations of letter, offer and magazine, and issued 50m-worth of reward vouchers, together with 25m-worth of product coupons. By understanding customers shopping habits, we are now even better at targeting our offers to them ( Tesco 1999).Tesco created a student card and a card for mothers in 1996 which suited their needs. In 1997, Tesco direct service and financial services were added. Adding value also became mandatory, like expectant mothers were given the priority of parking outside the store, even personnel assistance to help them. In 1998, Tesco began to offer electricity and telecommunications products and services. By this time, Tesco had identified 108 customer market segments (brandingasia).For middle-income with young children, Tesco has opened bank with jargon-free, customer friendly approach, coupled with its perceived low prices, has obviously proved a winner (guardian 2005).Market share rose tremendously even customers are happy. Making nice use of technology, provided customers with great experience (brandingasia).CONCLUSIONBy looking into the value proposition of Tesco, it is for sure that it is going to be very difficult for any other supermarket to emerge. PEST analysis shows the company is still strong to compete politically, economically, socially and technically. Also Tesco is well aware of its target customers and doing well to them too.REFERENCESBranding As ia. (). Tesco The brand experience is everything. lendable http//www.brandingasia.com/cases/tesco.htm. choke accessed 2 Jan 2010.Clark,T. (2008). A history of Tesco The rise of Britains biggest supermarket. Available http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2788089/A-history-of-Tesco-The-rise-of-Britains-biggest-supermarket.html. Last accessed 1 Jan 2010.Coriolis research. (2004). TESCO A CASE STUDY IN SUPERMARKET EXCELLENCE. Available http//www.coriolisresearch.com/pdfs/coriolis_tesco_study_in_excellence.pdf. Last accessed 2 Jan 2010Lysons,K.Farrington,B (2006). Purchasing and supplychain management. 7th ed. Essex Pearson Education Limited. P102.Sky News. (2008). Tesco Sees Huge Jump In Profits . Available http//video.news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Business/Tesco-UKs-Biggest-Supermarket-Chain-Unveils-Profits-Of-145-Billion-Pounds-For-First-Six-Months/Article/200809415109917?lpos=Business_Article_Related_Con. Last accessed 1 Jan 2010.Tesco. (2009). Company Information values and cult ures. Available http//www.tesco.com/recruitment/html/careers/compInfo/values.htm. Last accessed 1 Jan 2010.Tesco. (1999). from pennies to pounds. Available http//www.tesco.com/investorInformation/report99/content/value.html. Last accessed 1 Jan 2010.TESCO. (2009). Training Development. Available http//www.tesco-careers.com/home/working/training-and-development. Last accessed 3 Jan 2010.The Guardian. (2005). Every little helps so forget those Tesco quotes. Available http//www.guardian.co.uk/money/2005/sep/24/insurance.moneysupplement. Last accessed 4 Jan 2010.Weinstein,A.Johnson,W,C (1999). Designing and delivering superior customer value concepts, cases, and Applications. United States of America CRC Press LLC. p4.

Nature Of Competition Collusion And Pricing Airline Industry Economics Essay

Nature Of Competition Collusion And Pricing Airline Industry economics EssayThe enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 eliminated outlay and entry regulation of the domestic airline assiduity. Since then the U.S. airline industry has gr testify tremendously. The US domestic market competes in an oligopoly landscapes. Hence there is certain level of barriers to competitor. For example, control over the computerised reservation systems employd by travel agents provided the majors with a powerful weapon for disadvantaging smaller competitors. American Airlines Sabre system and Uniteds Apollo system together accounted for three-quarters of all national computer reservation systems by the late 1980s. get the hang of this important avenue for travel agents to make reservations enabled the majors to discriminate against smaller firms in a variety of ways-from instituting screen bias favouring the on-screen presentation of the controlling firms flights, to charging exorbita nt fees to other crew cuts for displaying their flights on these computer systems (transferring upwards of a half-billion dollars annually from the smallest to the largest common crew cuts).2More recently, the Big Five carriers have joined together to collectively market their tickets online with their Orbitz Web site-an alliance that may enable them to better coordinate their non-competitive oligopoly determine and to circumvent rules put into place to prevent them from anticompetitive using their computer reservation systems while, at the same time, disadvantaging competing distributors of air tickets.3Predatory PricingFurther more, dominant carriers were suppressing competition through predatory pricing. For example, when heart Airlines attempted to penetrate nor-wests Detroit hub with a one-way Detroit-Philadelphia fare of $49, Northwest Airline responded by slashing its average fare on the route by 71% (from $170 to $49) and scheduling 30% more seats. Once Spirit abandone d the route, Northwest raised its fare to $230 and cut its seat capacity.36 Similarly, when Frontier Airlines initiated service from Denver (United-dominated hub) to Billings, Montana, it offered an average $100 fare, half the prevailing fare supercharged by United. United slashed its fare to match Frontier when Frontier exited the route, United raised its fare above its original level.37CollusionCollusion is a sticky game to play when the number of conspiring rivals is large. It is hard to keep a hundred firms in line when their cost structures differ, when their production facilities vary, and when some have an bonus to cheat on a price agreement or to violate make restrictions. Numbers make a difference. When numbers are large, conspiracies are difficult to organize, difficult to conceal, and difficult to enforce.However, public policy faces a serious challenge in oligopolistic industries like the case of the Airline industry where major carriers eschew instantly collusion an d rely instead on a course of conduct characterised as tacit collusion, or recognition of mutual interdependence to resemble the cause of outright conspiracy. The mechanics of tacit collusion is apparent specially in an oligopoly market dominated by a few major players. Each carrier naturally recognises the mutual interdependence between it and its rivals. carrier X knows that it if were to cut price in order to increase its market look at, its aggression would immediately be detected by carriers Y and Z, which would respond with retaliatory price cuts of their own. Market shares would be unaffected, but all carriers would now operate at lower prices and profits. Henceforth, Carrier X cannot expect to increase its market share or revenue at the expense of its rivals. It cannot afford to calculate in terms of maximising its own profits in isolation but instead must constantly ask whether a particular decision on price or output willing be not only in its own self-interest, but al so in the best interests of its rivals.By recognising mutual oligopolistic interdependence, it must be touch on with group profits and group welfare. In other word, under oligopoly landscape, independent, aggressive, genuinely competitive behaviour is perceived as counterproductive-an irrational strategy for the individual carrier. In an oligopoly, groupthink will influence a carriers strategy when it is contemplating price increases as it cannot act alone. In other word, groupthink replaces the calculus of individual advantage, and each carrier must represent as a responsible member of the oligopoly group rather than as a reckless, self-seeking competitor. In oligopolies, this recognition of mutual interdependence may reach out to non-price competition.For example, if carrier A refrains from aggressive price competition but seeks to increase its market share through aggressive innovation program, it cannot expect its rivals to sit idly by. It must expect them to increase their research efforts as a simple matter of self-defence, thereby nullifying its expected gains. Anticipating such retaliation which could erode oligopoly profits- carrier A might refrain from innovation for the same reasons it would avoid price-cutting. Rationality again commands responsible nonaggressive behaviours the most effective profit-maximisation rule under oligopoly is to get out front by getting along.Nevertheless, the level of oligopolistic interdependence and collusion varies from situation to situation. It depends on such factors as whether the oligopoly is tightly tuck (small number of firms) or loosely knit (a larger number)whether it is homogeneous or involved whether it is symmetrical (having firms of roughly equal size) or asymmetrical (with one firm disproportionately larger) whether or not the industry is mature (having had time to develop its internal arrangements and institutions to promote cooperation) whether the industry is populated by reasonable managers or by a few mavericks.In the US domestic market, the advent of the Internet has increased the efficient of signaling or collusion. Carriers can see what the competition is doing immediately by going to the Internet that yield them to react quickly by adjusting their own prices. This is a far cry from the days when price books were set in type and could not be changed for months. flat most prices can be adjusted several times a day, if needed. Apparently, this is a game that the airlines are particularly adept at. As consumers have more transparent access to real-time flight pricing through online services like Orbitz, so the airlines are almost obligated to adjust to each other. This is particularly apparent on routes where there is no rogue player, like Southwest Airlines or JetBlue as they are (within limits) free to adjust prices upward. As long as the members of the oligopoly with real selling power tacitly agree that a major price war is not in their interest, chances are that prices can quickly adjust themselves, keeping in mind the balance of costs and optimal prices for maintaining profitable sales levels.Nevertheless, the combined market share of the Big Five network airlines (Delta, United, American, US Airways, and Northwest ) that peaked in 1992 has been declining since deregulation *. Furthermore, with the influx of several low-cost carriers, tacit collusion is becoming difficult to organize, conceal and enforce even though oligopolistic rationality and its collusive consequences are inevitable concomitants of oligopoly industry structure.PricingPricing is important for the carriers. If prices are too low or too high, it can tag down profits. Thus, it is important for the carriers to derive profitable airfares and discourages unprofitable one.To maximise profits, the carriers should set prices so that marginal revenue just equals marginal cost. In other words, it should use profit-maximising prices as the starting point.The economic model of pr icing ****show diagram****,which is called marginal cost pricing, clearly identifies a pricing strategy that will maximise profits. This pricing strategy also identifies the information needed to set prices, thus simplifying the process. In other words, the profit-maximising price is where the incremental margin percent equals the reciprocal of the absolute value of the price e stopping pointicity demand1 ** Based on pricing rule, the carriers should adjust its price where there are changes in the price elasticity of demand or marginal cost since the carriers compete under oligopoly landscapes with homogeneous services.Airfares have dropped significantly over the years *** since deregulation which helped to simulate competition resulting in the entrance of several low-cost carriers. This could partially due to regulator and oligopolies increase efficiencies, putting direct or indirect price pressure on their suppliers as well as putting pressure on the wages and benefits of their e mployees Hence there is growing belief is that oligopolies can be price-neutral as conflicting to manipulating prices.The strategic variable for airline carrier is price in the short run. Generally without product and service differentiation, the basic service offered by the carriers would be homogeneous. on a lower floor the Bertrand model, the carriers which produce at constant marginal cost and compete aggressively on price in order to gain a bigger share of the market. Under such condition, the market equilibrium is perfectly competitive pricing.However, in a loosely knit oligopoly structure, the individual carrier has incentive to offer heterogeneous services. Through heterogeneous services, it can charge personalised pricing or group pricing based on passenger willing-to-pay to achieve higher profits. For example, if carrier X sells its airfares at a single, it loses in two ways. Firstly, some passenger would be willing to pay more than $100 for a ticket during the last hour of the flight. Secondly the carrier does not sell to passengers who are willing to pay more than $50 but less than $60. This is illustrated in the graphic below, where P=price and Q=quantity.By charging such passengers at different price, the carrier could profitably sell to a much larger passenger base.Furthermore, with specialised services, should one carrier cut its price below other carriers price it would take away only part of the other carriers entire demand. Thus, carriers should have strong incentive to differentiate its offering in order to raise their equilibrium prices. However, there is a risk of loosing the market if the services are not on par with its pricing and demand. The carriers must balance their desire for market share at the same time avoid head-to-head price competition since the less differentiation in their services, the more direct will be in price competition among them and the lower would be incremental margins.