Essay --

IntroductionApart we know, dividend payments had been conducted over 300 years ago and yet, it is legato continue acceptable until now (Frankfurter, Wood, & Wansley, 2003). In the 19th century, the dividend had become a kind of symbolic liquidations. However, dividend policy is contradicting because the view of each researcher is different. According to dispirited (1976), he ever stated that the harder we look at the dividend picture, the more it seems like a puzzle, with pieces that just dont fit together. From this statement, we can rightfully make an assumption that the researchers arguments on it never stop as the understanding from each of the researchers is different and it is still questionable among financial field. Plenty of answer taper that why dividend policy should be made. However, many empirical studies have shown that the result is not standardized and yet, it is different as each of the researchers has their own opinion on it. But, it is undeniable that the divid end payments have become symbolic liquidations solely determined by the directors. The companies pay dividends i...

Creating Other Worlds in Fly Away Peter Essay -- Peter

Creating Other Worlds in pilot Away Peter In the novel Fly Away Peter, David Malouf explores the exclusives index to spend the immediate, and create other worlds of his or her own Meanwhile the Mind, from pleasure less, Withdraws into happiness ...it creates,... Far other worlds... Malouf uses the continuity of aliveness to highlight the importance of the individuals mind set against the meaning of human existence. Maloufs three main characters, Jim Saddler, Ashley Crowther and Imogen Harcourt, are used to present Maloufs themes in a unique and sensitive manner. Malouf also implies that fate is predetermined and beyond the control of the individual. The only escape route offered is through mans imagination. It is the human mind, the imagination which makes us special... Malouf suggests life has a continuity, that there is a ceaselessness surrounding time and as a result, individual life is to be savoured. Malouf uses symbolism to represent lifes perpetuity. A prominent examp le of this is the migrational patterns of the birds in the novel. Birds continue regardless of time The timespan for them was more or less infinite.. When Jim marvels at the sandpipers top executive to find its way across the world and back ...because the memory was ... there... in the long memory of its kind. The constant reference to bird migration becomes a clear symbol of the belief of continuity. The concept of the continuity of life is also expressed by the association of humans and earth. The notion ...that the earth was mans sphere..., occurs throughout the novel and represents re-growth and the intellect that life goes on regardless of circumstance. Jim felt himself dissolving into the earth when he ... ...he suggestion that fate is predetermined. Another example of this is the young officer who was hit starring(p) his men onto the battle ground. He died with the look, I wasnt ready. Unfair Malouf shows that fate is predetermined. The only way the individual can escap e it is by creating his own imagined world. Fly Away Peter is unique in its presentation of universal and prominent themes. The significance of the individual, as opposed to the meaning of life, mans ability to transcend the immediate, the continuity of life and predetermined fate are all examined in a sensitive and perceptive manner. Malouf crafts his three main characters to portray and develop the centre of his main themes. The most prominent of these themes is summarised by Malouf when he said We can and must transcend the conditions we find ourselves in, however terrible they may be.

Essay on Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson -- Biography Biographies Ess

Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson In Americas history, there have been so many writers, only sole(prenominal) few argon known for changing the course of American literature. Two writers that fit this description are Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. These two poets have variant styles of writing exclusively possess the kindred themes from the social environment that they are surrounded in. The poetry reflects these poets personality and their own style of writing. Whitman had an outgoing personality, while Dickinson had a quiet and reticent approach to writing. Walt Whitman, natural on May 31st, 1819 is said to be way ahead of his judgment of conviction. He had the better of two worlds growing up. He experienced nature, but he was faithful enough to the city to see the industrialization of Brooklyn, New York. Walt attended train until the age of 11, then he went on to be an obligation clerk, and even taught school. Emily Dickinson was born(p) in 1830 to a religious fa mily from New England. Emily learned to cook and sew as girls were often taught at her age. She attended boarding school surrounded by girls with high spirits who loved to have fun. Emily quoted about her personality, A mourner among the children (372). Even though these two poets are from the same time frame, they each had alter influences. Some of Whitmans influences include Sir Walter Scott, t... ..., while Dickinson fulfilled them. The book says this of Dickinson She perceived the relationship among a drop of dew and a flood, between a abdicate and a grain of sand. These perceptions helped her make metaphors that embraced experiences far beyond the limited compass of Amherst village life (373). The literature book says this of Whitman, Suddenly, poetry was no longer a matter of organized word structures that neatly clicked shut at the last line (350). Even though these two writers were so different in so many ways, they obtained what the other had not done. Whitman popular ized free verse, while Dickinson cherished the use of metaphors and ideas of comparing two like things to make a deeper importee to everything in life. Essay on Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson -- Biography Biographies Ess Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson In Americas history, there have been so many writers, but only few are known for changing the course of American literature. Two writers that fit this description are Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. These two poets have different styles of writing but possess the same themes from the social environment that they are surrounded in. The poetry reflects these poets personality and their own style of writing. Whitman had an outgoing personality, while Dickinson had a quiet and reserved approach to writing. Walt Whitman, born on May 31st, 1819 is said to be way ahead of his time. He had the better of two worlds growing up. He experienced nature, but he was close enough to the city to see the industrialization of B rooklyn, New York. Walt attended school until the age of 11, then he went on to be an office clerk, and even taught school. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830 to a religious family from New England. Emily learned to cook and sew as girls were often taught at her age. She attended boarding school surrounded by girls with high spirits who loved to have fun. Emily quoted about her personality, A mourner among the children (372). Even though these two poets are from the same time frame, they each had diversified influences. Some of Whitmans influences include Sir Walter Scott, t... ..., while Dickinson fulfilled them. The book says this of Dickinson She perceived the relationship between a drop of dew and a flood, between a desert and a grain of sand. These perceptions helped her make metaphors that embraced experiences far beyond the limited compass of Amherst village life (373). The literature book says this of Whitman, Suddenly, poetry was no longer a matter of organized word struct ures that neatly clicked shut at the last line (350). Even though these two writers were so different in so many ways, they obtained what the other had not done. Whitman popularized free verse, while Dickinson cherished the use of metaphors and ideas of comparing two like things to make a deeper meaning to everything in life.

Mystifying the Senses: Bimodal Speech Perception :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Mystifying the Senses Bimodal Speech Perception My grandmother, like many elderly people, suffers from auditory modality loss. Recently however, she has begun to lose her sight as well. Curiously enough, though her level of auditory impairment remains the same since macular degeneration has claimed her ability to see, her hearing seems to have deteriorated further. Could this be simply the result of mania because of the loss of a further sense? This situation led me to wonder about my own hearing ability. I have often experienced hearing difficulty in settings where I cannot see the person who is talking to me-in a movie theater, or over the telephone. The questions raised here call into question the stately notion of sensational processing. Distinctive inputs are received by their respective processing organ and the end result is relayed to the brain. How then can we explain a seeming reliance of two different sensory percepts on each other? Is there more to hearing than our ear s? Historically, scientific evidence for the existence of sensory integrating has long existed, but the first formal theory developed to this effect was stumbled upon by Harry McGurk and John MacDonald of the University of Surrey (1). The scientists were involved in a believe of how infants perceive speech by playing a video of a mother talking in one place and playing the sound of her division in another place. They randomly began to play with the consequences of dubbing an particular audio sound onto the video of the mother saying a different sound (2). They build that when the auditory syllable, ba-ba was imposed on the ocular syllable ga-ga, da-da was heard. The same fall outred when the audio and visual syllables were reversed. Also, pa-pa dubbed on ka-ka was heard as ta-ta. When one of the sensory inputs was eliminated by closing the eyes, or plugging the ears, the correct syllable was identified (2). McGurk and McDonald found Contemporary, auditory-based theories of spe ech perception...inadequate to accommodate these new observations and concluded that there must be some allowance made for the influence of the visual on hearing (2). The conventional theory of the senses is challenged. So, speech perception is bimodal. Of course, as science repeatedly shows, nothing is simple as that. The question remains, how does this integration occur? When does it occur? What neurological systems are involved? It has become generally accepted that audio and visual inputs are received by independent organs (the ears and eyes) and that integration occurs sometime after these two systems have processed the input.

What Is Fascism And Why Does It Emerge? :: essays research papers

What is Fascism and Why does it Emerge?The purpose of this essay is to explain what fascism is and why it emerges.Fascism is a political ideology that consists of an all powering nitty-grittyitariangovernment, which has total chink of the people, the demesne and the economy.The fascist economic system creates an focal ratio class for the owning/ruling classand leaves the black marketing class in a lower subject who in turn produce for the elite.To justify themselves as beneficial to the oppressed lower class, the fascistinstalls an extreme sense of disciplineisms and organicism. If these method donot work then force is used. Fascism emerges out of economic crisis, arevolutionary promise and reaction to capitalism. It is often allowed toemerge because it is usually easy to get support from the upper class.The fascist political structure consists of a totalitarian government with anextreme sense of absolutism. Absolutism is the principle of a absolute power incontrol with power that transcends even the laws itself, under the control ofone main dictator who carries traits of of a geniuses or of a hero. This waythe masses can be careworn into him through emotion and appeal. With thetotalitarian government the fascist has total control of the nation and thepeople.Along with the fascist total ruling over the people and nation came its totalruling over the economy. Although different fascist have had different economicstructures, all regimes more or less, have had the same model. The main delimitatecharacter of the fascist economy is the principle of goverment-buisnessrelationship. Like the first fascist regime in Italy, its leader created asystem where private ownership was allowed besides state intervention was issued onmanagement and labour. He did this by creating grouped established syndicates,such as The National Confederation of Commerce or the The National Federationof Credit and Insurgence. The government then controlled these under managingagencies called Corporations which in turn would regulate issues andguidelines such as supply and demand, labour disputes or what please thebusiness is to aim at. Although the system is supposed to function as apartnership, the government is always in control and dominate.Although the fascists claim this system is in the beguile of the nation, it isonly in the interest of more empowerment for the government. Due to thissystem both the states interest and the interest of the owning class areintegrated which creates an elite. Therefore the instruction and technologyonly serves the interest of the elite and not the working class which is to be

What Is Fascism And Why Does It Emerge? :: essays research papers

What is Fascism and Why does it Emerge?The purpose of this essay is to explain what fascism is and why it emerges.Fascism is a political ideology that consists of an whole powering totalitariangovernment, which has total control of the people, the nation and the economy.The fascist economic system creates an upper chassis for the owning/ruling classand leaves the working class in a lower state who in turn produce for the elite.To justify themselves as beneficial to the oppressed lower class, the fascistinstalls an extreme sense of Nationalisms and organicism. If these method donot work then force is used. Fascism emerges out of economic crisis, arevolutionary promise and reaction to capitalism. It is practically allowed toemerge because it is usually easy to get support from the upper class.The fascist political structure consists of a totalitarian government with anextreme sense of absolutism. totalism is the principle of a absolute power incontrol with power that transcends e ven the laws itself, under the control ofone main dictator who carries traits of of a geniuses or of a hero. This waythe masses can be drawn into him through emotion and appeal. With thetotalitarian government the fascist has total control of the nation and thepeople.along with the fascist total ruling over the people and nation came its totalruling over the economy. Although different fascist have had different economicstructures, all regimes more or less, have had the same model. The main definingcharacter of the fascist economy is the principle of goverment-buisnessrelationship. Like the first fascist regime in Italy, its leader created asystem where private ownership was allowed but state intervention was issued onmanagement and labour. He did this by creating grouped established syndicates,such(prenominal) as The National Confederation of Commerce or the The National Federationof Credit and Insurgence. The government then controlled these under managingagencies called Corporati ons which in turn would range issues andguidelines such as supply and demand, labour disputes or what beguile thebusiness is to aim at. Although the system is supposed to function as apartnership, the government is ever in control and dominate.Although the fascists claim this system is in the interest of the nation, it isonly in the interest of more empowerment for the government. Due to thissystem both the states interest and the interest of the owning class areintegrated which creates an elite. Therefore the development and technologyonly serves the interest of the elite and not the working class which is to be

Windsor Coursework

My project is ab extinct Windsor, it is to find come out(a) if it is a practiced or bad phaeton friendship. My of import aims atomic number 18 to find out1. If Windsor is a favored phaeton nitty-gritty?2. Is at that place e precise negate of interest between residents and holidaymakers?3. What is being done to resolve any dispute? touristry is a tertiary segment of the working(a) industry. A tourist is someone that give-up the ghosts in their country or just about the world.thither has been an increment in tourism worldwide, this is because of much leisure time the older population has increased and the when they retire they use up their leisure time by going on holiday.* Shorter working time the number of hours an employee has to work has decreased over years.* Longer holidays with pay it is now casual for employees to be given holidays with paid accommodation and flight tickets.* More money salaries paid to employees establish increased signifi behindtly alongside with paid holidays has given the possibility to go on holidays to a greater extent than once.* Greater accessibility the increase of transport via planes, ferries and cars take mop up down enabled more populate to travel easily.The benefits of tourism is that in that respect argon more jobs available, more money is spent by the tourists which pick outs the celestial sphere richer and the area can maintain and preserve historic sites and keep the area clean.However, in that respect are legion(predicate) disadvantages of tourism. Residents complain that in that respect is over-crowdedness referable to some(prenominal) tourists or that besides much pollution in the area and in most cases there are too many towering pr glasss being charged.There are many kinds of tourist destinations a few are theme parks, adventure parks, museums etc. Windsor is a historic tourist centre.What makes a dangerous place to go away is more often usu tot eitheryy a good accommodation and si tuated in an area with easy access to shops comparable supermarkets, newsagents, etcAt Windsor they offer a pasture of attractions. Eton is where the residents live, a river, the guildhall designed by Christopher Wrenn where Prince Charles and his wife Camilla were married they offer bus tours, the long road, Legoland and Windsor citadel.MethodWithin the classroom, I was introduced to the Windsor project. We discussed what makes a good place for residents to live in. We looked at the benefits and costs of tourism and how at our day at Windsor we will need to write if it is a good place for residents and if there is any action with the tourists.For Windsor we were given questionnaires and we had to try and bring on a sample of five residents and if they had any problems with the tourists and we had to find five tourists to find out what they thought of Windsor if they thought Windsor was a no-hit tourist attraction.Windsor is in the Royal County of Berkshire, 18 miles West of Q ueens Park. Our coach journey took us 55 minutes. We took the A406, A40, A412 and the M4.We was given a tour by our teachers at Windsor, we got to see the guildhall, the castle, Peasecod Street and Crooked Street the shortest street in Britain. We was then given time to hire in the questionnaires. Getting time to fill in the questionnaires from the residents and tourists was the hard bit and I felt that many people felt intimidated by our stem because we has a dumb boys in our group and there were practically no black people around and when we asked people to give a fine bit of time so that we could answer a little questionnaire they refused and said sorry, we do non lose time, this happened with the first seven/eight people we asked but eventually we startinged to get people to help us who were younger aged and pretty soon we filled out all of the stack, in the end it was a difficult task for my group because it took us ages to get people to help us answer our questionnaire however in the end my interrogation was undefeated.When we got back to school we exchanged our results with each other and got twenty resident answers with ten male and ten egg-producing(prenominal) of all ages, we also got twenty tourist answers with ten male and ten female this was done so that it was more of a fit sample. A balanced sample is important for this investigation because asking scarce five people in the whole of Windsor did not really mean anything. The more people we asked and questioned would make it a better survey. The forty people we asked really made it fair and more secure prediction of what Windsor tourist and resident peoplethought of it.To write my introduction, I had to write about what tourism is, why there was an increase in tourism since the past cardinal years, I had to find the advantages and disadvantages of tourism, what type of tourist destinations there are, where in Britain it is and include a map of Windsor. The method was writing about wh at class work, homework and enquiry i had to do follow by the trip to Windsor we had and had to explain if there were any difficulties to obtain the answers to the questions. I then had to make graphical records of my results of the twenty male and female residents and tourists. With the graphs i had to explain what each graph represented and what it suggested.This pie chart shows the percentage of male and female tourists.This graph shows the percentage of residents that I asked for my questionnaireThis graph shows the number of problems residents have in Windsor for male.This graph shows the number of benefits that 10 female residents have.This graph shows the number of problems 10 female residents have.This graph shows the number of benefits 10 Female residents have in Windsor.This pie chart shows the percentage of male and female residents.This graph shows the number of tourists that were either from the U.K or a landor to the U.K.This graph shows the transport that tourists us ed to get to Windsor.This graph shows the attraction which the tourists chose to revenge whilst on their tour in Windsor.This graph shows the number of changes that tourist think had changed.This graph shows how many out of the 20 tourists recommend Windsor. military rank OF METHODOverall, the trip was successful, we had a great time and we conducted our results eventually. However, i could improve the project if it was to be done all over over again by set white boys or girls in my group. I am not trying to be racist, but people at Windsor have the appearance _or_ semblanceed to be scared of talking to black people and it is a fact that on that day I did not see many black people in the area maybe because they are influenced by the criteria given to black people they thought we too might be trouble makers but in fact we really wanted to do our work. The fact that we had to get our results from younger members of the area really did not make my survey fair. But the girls in my c lass did ask the older people in the community and I was then allowed to exchange answers with them.I realised, that the questions on our survey were a bit exaggerated, we could have made them shorter and saved allot of time and it did make the tourists/residents a little bored of it.At home it was quite easy to do my research, i logged on to the Windsor council website and got all the pictures and culture i needed.EVALUATION OF RESULTSMy main aims were to find out1. If Windsor is a successful tourist centre?2. Is there any participation of interest between residents and tourists?3. What is being done to resolve any participation?1. From my results i have found out that Windsor is a successful tourist centre, i can prove this from the above graphs by the primary info provided but not only that, whilst i was at Windsor two residents said that whilst we have lived in Windsor (approximately ten years) tourists think Windsor is not only a successful tourist centre providing many his toric scenes, famous areas and fun places like Legoland, but it is a place filled with information of our history making Windsor a British historic site representative and this fact makes Britain such a remonstrateed place by tourists which brings many benefits to the area and credit for the country. This proves that the first aim has been accomplish by Windsor by making it a successful tourist centre.2. I have also found out if there is any form of conflict between residents and tourists. Currently, as my graph shows that many residents have problems with shop prices, crowds and parking facilities. However, the council has made a separate street for residents to shop in which has lower prices than at the close attraction areas. The council has also made roads going around the tourist areas so that they can avoid the rush. Even the parking facility have improved immenselely and has made it easier for residents so as currently all the main problems have been solved.3. There isnt re ally any conflict between residents and tourists. The council has tried their top hat to make Windsor in both favours so that they can solve any sort of conflict between them to make it a peaceful yet successful tourist centre.4. I reckon this investigation is very accurate because the questionnaire has been asked from all ages, of all genders and of races by primary data and the exchange of a few survey answers to make it a fair and accurate test.CONCLUSIONIn this project, I have proved that* Windsor is a successful tourist centre.* There is a little conflict of interest between residents and tourists.* However, the council has made sure that all problems for both sides have been solved.In this project, I have learnt the role of the council in a community.Windsor CourseworkIn my course work I will be investigating 3 main questions.1. Is Windsor a successful tourist centre?2. Is there a conflict of interest between resident and tourist?3. What has been done to attempt in solving a ny conflict?I will be analyzing the benefits and drawbacks for residents who live in a location which is a popular tourist centre. I will be investigating how popular Windsor is and what factors make it in to a good tourist attraction. Windsor can be located in the county of Berkshire. From London to Windsor via coach it approximately took an hour.tourismTourism is when people from overseas or other cities have a holiday or day out in other accepted areas for recreational or leisure purposes. Tourists can some time spend up to a single day or several weeks at the area they are touring .There are many types of tourist destinations such as beaches in Spain, mountains in Kenya, ice regions in the alps, religious pilgrimage like in Mecca and historical like Windsor. Tourist is the term used for a group of people that are touring a accredited area.There are many advantages of tourism. Tourism creates opportunities and provides a vast amount of jobs. Tourism makes a city richer, due to the tourist staying over at hotels and eating at restaurants, these places all pay tax to the government which gives the government more money to spend. Like for congresswoman Windsor is a rich area because the tourist spend a lot of money and the council use the money to develop the area .Tourism increases the popularity of a certain area and also descriptors a reputation for the place, when a lot of tourist come they will recommend it to other or re visit which makes even more tourist come. Tourism provides understanding and interaction with different races and cultures.However there are many disadvantages of tourism. Tourism causes overcrowding so many people densely packed in tourist attractions for example Oxford Street. Tourism also causes annoyance to the residents as they ask questions for directions etc. Tourism increases noise pollution and pollution as they have places to go, and places to see they will be victimisation a lot of transport like buses and cars which ca uses more global warming, this is also connected to the increase of traffic on the streets.Many factors are required to build up a good tourist centre. A good tourist centre must have many facilities of good quality to satisfy the necessarily of a tourist. In a good tourist centre there must be restaurants to eat, hotels to stay over for how ever long their stay is. There should be a leisure and sports centre. There should be a hospital if there is a problem with a tourists health. Good tourists attractions must provide toilets, places of entertainment, gyms, places of holiness and shopping centres. There must be a main attraction for example France has the Eiffel tower and Windsor has Windsor castle.A good place to live in demand to provide cheap transport like buses and train, as some families may not be able to afford a car. There needs to be places of education such as public school and colleges. There must be emergency services such as, fire brigades, ambulances, police offi cers. Of course there needs to be chemist and hospitals to look after the health of residents. Cheap shops, cheap super markets are required so families can buy food, clothing, and put forward hold goods for cheap prices.Tourism has now increased in our modern society because of todays transport which is much better and quicker, we are now able to get to the other side of the world in a matter of hours, 100 years ago we didnt have Heathrow, British airlines, national express etc. in a flash its easier to use aero planes just simply book the ticket, trains are much faster gets you from destination A to B overcoming the problem of traffic, we have motorways and companies that let people travel in coaches .The world is much richer now so more people have money in their hands to spend, plus more people would like to go and enjoy holidays for relief of stress. People now days want to spend their money on leisure with family and friends. Instead of wanting to stay at home people desire to seek and visit other places for enjoyment.What is Windsor?Windsor is a small town located to the West of London on the outskirts just off the M4 at junction 6. You can get to Windsor by train, Windsor & Eton Riverside Rail Station or at Windsor & Eton Central Rail Station or can travel on a bus/coach prices may vary with different agencies. Windsor is a popular tourist centre and is known as a historical attraction. Windsor has many attributes which makes it famous like Windsor castle, Windsor Great Park, the crooked house, the guild hall, Lego land, river and Peasecod Street. Windsor has the famous Eton College which David Cameron (the conservative party leader) and Prince William attended.Tourist like to visit Windsor due to its interesting historical background, such as Windsor castle, which has been around for decades, and is still being used by the Queen during the weekends. Many Kings and Queens have lived in Windsor castle but isnt the only thing to make Windsor famous. Wi ndsor involves other historical content such asMethodHere I will summarise on the nose what I did during the trip in Windsor. There is various ways in which how we can collect data, which consist of Questionnaires, documentary evidence, observations and inter dioramas.Questionnaires A questionnaire is a research actor consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The disadvantage for this method is that people may not have time to fill out the questionnaire and not fill it out for you. However a questionnaire enables you to design the questions you like and be able to gather the information you so require, therefore being my natural selection of method.Observations- Is when one analyses the activity of a living being. If we were to observe how the people of Windsor and the tourist felt and so on it would have been largely time consuming and would only record the information we observe. But observing some time we could eventually be able to answer questions we want to know as we can observe how other tourist react in Windsor to.Interviews- An interview is a conversation between two or more people, the interviewer and however many interviewees there maybe. When in an interview one may not feel completely comfortable when asked questions maybe they wouldnt like to answer such as what is your annual salary?When in an interview you can see the reaction of the person youre interviewing and unlike a questionnaire where the person writes down the answer you can fill out what the interviewee says. documental evidence- Documentary evidence is any evidence introduced at a trial in the form of documents. But information may also be preserved through media.The method which we chose was a questionnaire, due to it being effective inexpensive and having the ability to acquire as many answers in possible within a certain period of time.We had arrived at Windsor, approximately around 10 00 am, from coach. W e had first past Queen Victorias transport, the stream train. Then we went to a couple of tourist stores and had picked up a Windsor maps to assist us around the place. We had walked down Peasecod Street and come across to different coloured post boxed, blue and red, also with an unused well(p) alongside. We stood there, while the teacher explained to us more about Windsor. We then looked at the park, and viewed the amazing long path. From there our teacher sent us off to start the questionnaire.We went off in groups of about 4 or 5. We went to the high street with all the shops and first approached a middle aged lady, and asked her if she could help us out in filling the survey. After her, we continued until we had asked 5 tourists. If some one rejected us and did not want to answer the survey, we walked away and said convey you for your time. This did not take long really, since there were so many people walking around. It approximately took about 15 minutes for our group. After that we had to look for 5 residents to help us out, and this took slightly longer as some were at work, university and so on. After about an hour, the job had been completed. I had filled in all gaps and questions on both sheets, and felt comfortable because my data was primary and reliable.The following day as we went back to school, I had put the information from my survey in to a large collection data sheet. I made sure all my results were balanced and equal by putting in a mixture of ages and gender .I totalled up all my results and had converted the results in to graphs. The graphs had all seemed to have a similar correlation.I trust it is vital to have an equal and balanced sample of results to confirm, that my results are very reliable and fair.Evaluation of methodMy trip to Windsor was an enjoyable experience, and was good time learning about the history and attractions of Windsor. I could have improved my method by possibly practicing the questionnaire at school with my class mates, which would have made me more fluent when asking people to assist me in filling out my survey, and it would have boosted my confidence.But the idea of standing on the main road where, there was a lot of shops was good, due to the fact many people were passing through. So it was not much of a problem in finding tourists to fill out the survey, and it was not time consuming.I believe it would have been much easier if we were given a different segment of time to ask the residence of Windsor, as many of them were at work, university, college etc. radical researchPrimary research is when you collect primary data by yourself. This is information that only you yourself has attained. My primary research was used to answer certain questions about Windsor. Primary research includes questionnaires and observations. Questionnaire is something I designed to collect the information that I required. I was able to answer the questions I choose to by using my primary research. thirdhand researchSecondary research is when you use information from an outside source. Where as in primary research you gather the information independently you gather information from places like the internet, library, and magazines. But may not be as reliable as primary since you havent gathered the information yourself.Graphs of surveyPlaces that tourist chose to visitThis is a graph where tourist told us the places they have visited and places they have not. We can specialize from this graph that the park and lego land was most popular amonsgt the tourist we had asked. Tourist seem to not want to attend the tours or visit the river. Lego land is most certainly a top attraction for windsor and must be gainig alot of income for the town.Improvements needed in windsor according to touristThis is a graph where tourist told us thing they felt needed to be improved, stuff which wasnt at the standard they had assumed. This graph tell us tourist was least impressed with the prices and traffic . Which is understandable because a normal can of coke is not at the regular price of 50p and the roads of windosr are unendingly filled with cars and traffic jams.Type of transport tourist used to reach windsorPeople use Cars, trains and buses or coaches this shows windsor has many ways for tourist to visit windsor. Windsor provides many parking facilities for visitors. A lot of people came by coach or bus which displays to us there are companies and agencies providing transport for those who wish to visit windsor therefore windsor must be a good tourist centre if coach agencies are able to get customers to brintg to windsor. Windsor also has train stations around which tell us there are various ways to visit windsor what ever a tourist may feel to use.Would tourist visit windsor againThis graph records whether tourist would definatly come to windosr again. Tourist are most content with windsor as we can see, only 2 people would not visit and 18 out of 20 people would definatly or is provision to visit windsor again. Surely the majority of tourist are impressed with windsor which must mean windsor is a good tourist centre.Would tourist reccomend Windsor?The tourist that have attended windsor told us if they would reccomend it to others such as family and friend or if they wouldnt bother. Of course if you are willing to reccomend a tourist attraction it must be a succesful tourist centre, from the results 17 out of 20 tourist would or are going to reccomend windsor to others. Only 2 people said they wouldnt reccomend windsor, therefore windsor must be a succesful tourist centre.Attractions that tourist are planning to visitThis graphs shows us places where a set of tourist were planning to visit, many of them were planning to attend the tours and go lego land probaly due to the children with them. Tourist must have been told or seen in a brochure the attractions of windsor and were here to view it them selves.Improvements needed according to residentsThis is a graph that tells us what improvements residents felt that needed to be taken. From this graph we can tell traffic, pedestrians and prices are the things residents are not content with. Most residents are ok about the toilets and cafes. However like the tourist residents are not enjoying the roads constantly packed with cars.Are there places residents would not go to avoid tourist?6 out of 20 residents that I asked wouldnt go to certain places due to tourists this somewhat shows to us there are certain places residents do not feel comfortable to go due to tourist. This proves there must be a conflict of interest if residents avoid certain places in their own home due to tourists.Do residents feel there is any conflict with tourist?Only a few tourist feel that there is some sort of conflict. But I doubt anything major that would escalate to some sort of physical contact. Tourist do not feel as comfortable with tourist and pretty much have to put up with it all the time, new people coming to see windsor which is their home town. I in the flesh(predicate)ly believe the conflict is not of much interest and is of little importance as it is only 5 out of 20 people feel there is some sort of conflict.What benefits residents feel that tourist bringThis graphs shows what things tourist bring to windsor according to residents. The graph shows that Tourist help out the most with reputation as to why so may people visit, income spending a lot of money on the attractons and other things to buy e.g. food and facilities such as good attractive restaurants.Evalutaion of my resultsIn this paragraph I will explain what I have discovered from my results, and answer the three main questions according to my results. In my personal opinion Windsor is a good tourist centre and the graphs that were produced from the information I gathered from the tourists and residents of windsor . My results show that 18 out of 20 people I asked would visit windsor again and that 17 out of 20 would recommend Windsor to family and friends these results show that the tourist are happy and impressed with there trip to windsor and what windsor had to offer them as a whole. Therefore yes windssor is a succesful tourist centre which means there are a large number of tourist visiting regularly.There is a conflict of intrest as you can see the residents do not like so many cars coming in and out of windsor because it causes to much traffic and means there is more noise and pollution created by the tourists and also the tourist pedestrians walking around means residents tend to avoid leaving the house due to overcrowding. besides tourist feel they are treated unfairly due to Residents being entitled to something knows as The advantage card which allows resident to visit the attractions 3 times a year for free. Even though tourist may feel its unfair as they have to pay the expensive cost to enter an attraction I feel it is fair as residents should benefit from something since t hey are living there. The council may have plans to widen roads and pavements to lessen the congestion cause by the tourist thus making life easier for both residents and tourists.ConclusionThe information that I have gathered (primary and secondary) shows us how Windsor is a successful tourist centre. This is be by the graphs, also there is a conflict of interest between tourists and residents as we can see resident are annoyed with tourist for constantly coming in and out of the places they live in. Tourists feel that its unfair since residents get the advantage card. I myself feel Windsor is a great place and would definitely visit again maybe with more friend and family. Windsor is beautiful has an amazing historical background and everything seem to be so cheerful, however of course I do feel that traffic could be improved on and the prices for some goods are higher for the tourists than they are for the residents of Windsor.According to my results it clearly shows that Windso r is a very succesful tourist centre and the tourist really enjoyed visiting Windsor as my results shows that the ratings of every single attrations in Windsor is very high. The second important point which im going to make is that there is a big conflict between the tourist and the residents as the residents dont like the way the prices in Windsor keep going up every time, the toilets, parking and the streets being very crowded.Local authority has made a lot of effort to resolve the conflict for e.g. they have introduced advantage cards to the residents through which residents can visit all the attratcions in Windsor for a cheap price and they also have free parking. The council has tried to seperate the tourist and residents by dividing them in to two different areas of town for example when the tourist arrive in Windsor that part of the town is very far away from the residential bit of the town and the prices in that area is very high compared to other areas of the town. All of m y graphs prove that my hypothesis was correct and Windsor is a very successful tourist centre but there is a lot of conflict in interest between the tourist and the residents.

Res 351

Preparing to Conduct Business enquiry Part 3 reticuloendothelial system/351 February 20, 2012 Age difference is existent. sr. employees ar defined as members of the mature generation (58 or more years old) younger employees ar members of three generationsthe itch Boom (post World War II or 38 57 year olds), Generation X (23 37 year olds), and Generation Y (18 22 year olds). The key to a friendships future success depart be its adaptability its capacity to deploy resources quickly to seize competitive opportunities and to invite out from a labor pool that features a mix of multi-skilled, full-time workers, and specific bothy-skilled, contingent employees who contribute on a part-time or temporary basis (Hall and Mirvis, 1998). search is conducted when individuals or businesses neediness to determine out the connection, if for each one, between deuce or more things. This paper will discuss, Will hiring younger employees to shoot down the place of ripened employees in crease the productivity of a business? We will be discussing the contrasting aspects of finding a resolving power to this rattling question. We ar departure to focus on four areas indoors our research. They will be broken down by significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility of finding a solution to our question. We will discuss how using these different aspects of our research will help us determine the purpose of conducting our research. functional in businesses in which you have to betray life changing stopping points can be stressful. Factors to consider with this emergence are age, experience, knowledge, and productivity.The final solution will impact current employees and potential new demands thitherfore, businesses need to be fair in the decision(s) creation made and cook sure it is in the best interest of all parties involved. Businesses must examine every aspect of a situation to avoid discrimination lawsuits, loss of business, or an increase in employee tu rnover. Overall, happy employees will produce an efficient workflow and exhibit a more positive attitude toward the companionship as wellspring. The two criteria to judge feasibility are cost compulsory and foster to be attained (Wikipedia. com).Many solutions can be prepared for various situations within a business environment. However, each solution needs to be logical and suit open for the situation. Businesses should test possible solutions to see which one will be the close beneficial by using feasibility studies. Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success (Wikipedia. om). The magnitude of finding a solution to the issue of whether or not hiring younger employees will increase productivity is very high. The business needs to continue to make a profit in this economy and if hiring young wad is the solution, it is imperative that we make sure the solution is found. This tax should not be difficult, however, as long as the decision making butt on is followed. We created research questions, a hypothesis, decided on what the variants are, and considered the ethical complications.Following legal guidelines and the process of finding the solution will help us get to the right answer. The magnitude of finding the right answer is enormous since our business depends on it. Older workers are often liable to encounter difficulties in employment and occupation beca ingestion of prejudices about their capacities and willingness to learn, a tendency to discount their experiences, and market pressures to hire younger workers who are often cheaper to employ.To increase productivity and eliminate discrimination when it stick withs to younger employees versus sometime(a) employees, the following measures could be sayn to have a mor e productive work (1) Set up a policy establishing clear procedures on non-discrimination and equal opportunities and communicate it amongst all employees, (2) Provide training at all levels of the organization, in detail for those involved in recruitment and selection, as well as supervisors and managers, to help raise awareness and encourage people to take action against discrimination, (3) Set mensurable goals and specific time frames to achieve objectives, (4) Modify work organization and distribution of tasks as necessary to avoid negative effects on the treatment and forwarding of particular groupings of workers, and (5) Address complaints, handle appeals and provide recourse to employees in cases where discrimination is identified.To determine whether hiring younger versus older employees increase productivity in the study, there are a few questions that need to be researched in order to analyze the situation. (1) If we hire younger employees, will this be an open opport unity for a lawsuit for age discrimination? (2) Will productivity increase, decrease, or stay the same with younger employees? (3) Will it be cost effective to hire younger people who may be entitled to more compensation? The employer who would decide to replace older workers with younger workers to increase productivity, with the thought younger people are more energetic, therefore could work faster than older people. The younger employees may be easier to train and retain education better than older employees.They may also looking at at the younger employees as being more comfortable with new and advanced technology. There are four variables to consider when it comes to making a decision about hiring the younger versus older employee. The variables are the independent variable, dependant variable, confounding variable, and the intervening variable. The independent variable is hiring younger employees to replace older employees. The dependent variable is the increase in producti vity. The confounding variable is younger employees have fresh topics. Lastly, the intervening variable is training the new employees. The research design that best suites how the information was researched was the Quasi-Experimental research.With using this particular research for our topic, the quasi-experiment treats a given situation as an experiment, even though it is not wholly by design. The independent variable may not be manipulated by the researcher, treatment and control groups may not be randomized or matched, or there may be no control group. The researcher is limited in what he or she can say conclusively. The significant element of quasi-experiments is the measure of the dependent variable, which it allows for comparison. Some data is quite straightforward, but other measures, such as level of self-confidence in writing ability, increase in creativity or in reading lore are obviously subjective. In such cases, uasi-experimentation often involves a number of strateg ies to compare subjectivity, such as rating data, testing, surveying, and content analysis (Colorado State University. edu). bingle type of instrument that would be very useful in our research would be interviews. Interviews are a systematic way of communicating through talk of the town and listening. Through the knowledge of conversation (KMExecutive, 2010), data can be sop uped on what new younger employees can bring to the organization, and how they feel they would better welfare the company over an experienced older employee. Within the interview, the interviewer and interviewee are able to become involved with talking about their views, and their perception and interpretation of the situation.With the use of interviews in the survey regularity, we can initially get some very valuable information necessary for finding the key to hiring new younger employees within the company to help boost productivity, without causing any legal issues or moral falls with the older employees . In the interview section of the survey, we will be able to find out from the new potential employees what they want to bring to the table to boost our needs. Also, by doing one-on-one interviews with the older employees, we will be able to find out what areas have become complacent and what areas do not need to be touched. This will allow for us to find out if we need to hire new employees, for which section(s), and which ones we are able to leave alone. This will definitely eliminate the unnecessary desire for older employees of these areas to retaliate against the company. Another instrument type we could use would be experiments.It would definitely benefit the organization to see if the new younger employees were able to provide the company with more production, especially if there is training involved. We would take the experimental variable (the younger verses the older) and put them to work side by side to see which one is more productive. This will give us an idea if we nee d to train more, or reconsider hiring new and getting rid of the old. By developing the constants, the researchers can evaluate the effect of the changes to the production choice and quantity. We would be able to test the effectiveness, appeal, and sales of various products that the organization is planning on developing or selling.WE can divide the population into two groups, the younger group and the older group. In order to help solve the issue of whether or not hiring younger employees will increase the productivity in the workplace, we must take some samples. Samples help to determine which decision is the best. The type of sample that will best suit this issue is probability, or random sampling. This will avoid any bias on the companys part. This ensures that the participants will be random and of all ages. Survey questionnaires will be used as a sampling frame within a 30 day period. Each person randomly selected will have to complete the survey questionnaire which will con tain all of the information mandatory to make an informed decision.The sampling size will be determined by the amount of employees of the organization. While we cannot sample everyone we do want to give the issue a fair sampling size. We will want to sample the majority of them, around 75%. Therefore, if there are 20 employees, 15 will be sampled by using the survey questionnaire. A statistical test provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes. The intent is to determine whether there is enough evidence to reject a conjecture or hypothesis about the process the conjecture is called the deceitful hypothesis (itl. nist. gov). A set of data can only reject a null hypothesis or fail to reject it.For example, if comparison of two groups (e. g. treatment, no treatment) reveals no statistically significant difference between the two, it does not mean that there is no difference in reality. It only means that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis (in other words, the experiment fails to reject the null hypothesis) (wikipedia. com). Based the types of instruments used such as experiments and interviews, to collect data pertaining to our topic of choice, the best statistical test to use would be the t-test. The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other (socialresearch systems. net).With our topic comparing the productivity among older employees versus younger employees, we can better determine if age does or does not play a significant factor in current or future workflow processes and the implementation of new creative ideas. The results will be displayed as the actual difference between two means in relation to the variation in the data (expressed as the standard deviation of the difference between the means) (biology. ed. ac. uk). In this case, the two means are the older employees and younger employees the variation in the data would be the productivity of the workflow, whether it would increase, decrease, or remain the same.Everyone who wants to work should be able to and no one deserves to be judged by their age or any other factor that does not relate to their productivity (nytimes. com/2009). Considerations that should be taken into accountwhen itinvolves hiring a younger versus older employee are discrimination and stereotyping. The repercussions of age-based communication and productivity can be devastating to older employees this could lead to a decline in their self esteem and mental well-being. acuate against older employees could also lead to lawsuits which eventually has a bad look on the employers. The steps in performing any type of research is essential for finding the right answer to any situation that may arise.With the issue of determining whether or not hiring younger employees to increase productivity, there is no answer. The quality of work and range of experience of one individual versus the next can make or b reak the moral of the employees in the workplace (Stanford). Therefore, changes in the workplace can be beneficial to the business as long as the basis does not conflict with business ethics. The significance of finding a solution is going to help eliminate the chances of having a lawsuit because of age discrimination. It will allow us to continue to grow as a business kinda of losing business, and will help in decreasing employee turnover. Part of the significance is to create a happy work environment with a more productive workflow.The telescope of finding a solution is the investigation into what will happen and the plan of action to make it happen. Within the scope we can determine what the negatives and positives will come of the solution. Magnitude will allow the company to continue to grow by increasing the productivity, and if this can be done with younger employees, then we need to make the changes the right way to incorporate this for our organization. This will possibly be a significant change, so we need to be prepared to make adjustments so we do not lose any productivity in the process of making the change. The last part of our discussion takes us into the feasibility of finding the correct solutions to our issue.Here we discussed quintuple ways to make this happen, such as create a policy for this type of situation, provide training for all levels to discourage discrimination, set goals to achieve objectives, make modifications to avoid negative effects of each group being changed, and address any complaints of discrimination that may have been founded earlier. Understanding our research process will help us determine the correct way to make the needed changes within the organization without the possibility of having severe repercussions. As an organization, it is beta to do the needed research that will be certain to create more jobs in the future, and possibly prevent any lawsuits or discrimination acts in the process. References Hall, Dou glas T. and Philip H. Mirvis (1998). Increasing the value of older workers Flexible employment and lifelong learning. In James A. Auerbach (ed. ), Through a Glass Darkly Building the New Workplace for the 21st Century.NPA give out 289. Washington D. C. National Policy Association. Retrieved from http//www. zurichna. com/NR/rdonlyres/AEFC0FF5-EE0B-4765-B5D4-F640D99E1412/0/Designingtheworkplacefortheagingworkforce. pdf Retrieved from http//www. ilo. org/empent/areas/business-helpdesk/faqs/WCMS_DOC_ENT_HLP_BDE_FAQ_EN/langen/index. html Retrieved from http//writing. colostate. edu/guides/research/experiment/pop3e. cfm Retrieved from http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/quasnegd. php Retrieved from http//www. experiment-resources. com/randomization. htmlixzz1m8h0k9Zh Retrieved from http//ibpsychology. wetpaint. com/page/Non-experimental+Research+MethodsSchindler, D. C. (20011). Business Research Methods (11th ed. ). In a. P. D Cooper. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Trochim, W. M. (2006, October 20). Introduction to Evalution. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from Research Methods Knowledge Base http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/intreval. php Trochim, W. M. (2006, October 20). Types of Surveys. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from Research Methods Knowledge Base http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/survtype. php Survey. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. merriam-webster. com/ vocabulary/survey KMExecutive. (2010). The Knowledge Management Executive. Retrieved from http//kmexecutive. logspot. com/2010/03/gathering-company-knowledge. html 7. 1. 3. What are statistical tests? (2003 2010). Retrieved from http//www. itl. nist. gov/div898/handbook/prc/section1/prc13. htm The T-Test. (2006). Retrieved from http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/stat_t. php Null hypothesis. (2012). Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Null_hypothesis Students t-test. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. biology. ed. ac. uk/research/groups/jdeacon/statistics/tress4a. htm l Learning police squad Log Group Team ASubmission Date 2/20/12 Course RES 351 Meeting Type In-Person E-mail Internet chew Teleconference XOther Team Forum Student Name (printed) X = Participated x x x x Learning Objectives and Assigned Tasks Activities and Outcomes Combine the three split of the Preparing to Conduct Business Research assignment to develop a cohesive research proposal of no more than 2,450 words. Include the following elements Research riddle and purpose Significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility of finding a solution to the issue, opportunity, or problem Research question, hypothesis, and variables Research design Instrument you developed or selected Sampling method Overall data analysis approach Result reporting Ethical considerations Discuss the overall data analysis approach and result reporting Which statistical test will be used and why? How will the results be displayed? Using the T-test Actual difference between two means Completing the police squad log Develop or select the instruments your team will use to collect data. Interview instrument. Talking and listening Different views on situations Experiment instrument. Working side by side Comparing productivity between young and old employees Describe how you will sample the population What is the appropriate sampling method? What sampling frame will be used? What is the appropriate sampling size? How will the sample size be determined? Probability and random sampling Using survey questionnaires All age groups 30 days for sampling 75% of the employees Students Responsibility Participation in Learning Team activities is an important factor in determining each students final course grade. Team members should work together to complete this form and submit it at the workshop following the team meeting. The log should provide details regarding th e meeting, the attendance/participation of members, the results and actions of the team, and reflections regarding how the team process might be improved. Plus/Delta Exercise What went well? What didnt go well? What will we do differently next time? Everyone in our group works hard in participating within the week.The only problem we run into is if there is a situation that prohibits a person from completing their assigned tasks on time, but for this group, it hasnt hurt us because we entertain in constant communication about those issues, and we work around them. For this group, there isnt anything that we can do different, we keep everyone informed throughout the week of what is going on, when we need help someone always steps up to provide assistance, and the tasks are laid out so that it is very clear as to what each participant has to accomplish and when it needs to be in. Overall this group has been great, and has taken every opportunity to progress in a great team effort.

Action Potential Essay

What opens first in response to a threshold comment?Voltage Gated (activation gates) Na+ carry open and Na+ diffuses in the cytoplasmWhat characterizes depolarization, 1st phase of fill probable?Membrane changes from a negative harbor to a positive observeWhat characterizes repolarization, 2nd phase of action potential?Once the tissue layer depolarizes to a peak shelter of 30+, it repolarizes to to its negative resting value of -70What event triggers the generation of an action potential?The tissue layer potential must depolarize from the resting electromotive force of -70 mV to a threshold value of -55 mV. ( This is the minimum value required to open enough electric potential-gated Na+ channels so that depolarization is irreversible.)What is the first change to occur in response to a threshold stimulant drug?Voltage-gated Na+ channels change shape, and their activation gates openResting StateAll gated Na+ and K+ channels are closedStep 2Depolarization Na+ Channels OpenDurin g the depolarization phase of the action potential, open Na+ channels allow Na+ ions to diffuse into the cell. This inward nominal head of positive charge makes the membrane potential more positive (less negative). The depolarization phase is a positive feedback cycle where open Na+ channels find depolarization, which in turn causes more voltage-gated Na+ channels to open.Step 3Repolarization Na+ channels are inactivating and K+ Channels OpenStep 4Hyperpolarization Some K+ channels remain open and Na+ channels resetHow many gates/states do voltage gated Na+ channels consent?two gates and three statesClosed Na+at the resting state, no Na+ enters the cell through themOpened Na+opened by depolariztion, allowing Na+ to enter the cellInactivatedchannels automatically blocked by inactivation gates soon after they openHow many gates/states do voltage gated K+ channels have?one gate, two statesClosed K+at the resting state, no K+ leavesOpened K+at depolarization, after delay, allowing K+ to leave wherefore is an action potential self-generating?depolarizing currents established by the influx of Na+ flow down the axon and trigger an action potential at the next segmentThe Na+ diffusing into the axon during the first phase of the action potential creates a depolarizing current that brings the next segment, or node, of the axon to threshold.Why does regeneration of the action potential occur in one direction, rather than in two directions?The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close in the node, or segment, that has just fired an action potentialAt the peak of the depolarization phase of the action potential, the inactivation gates close. Thus, the voltage-gated Na+ channels do absolutely refractory to another depolarizing stimulus.What changes occur to voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels at the peak of depolarization?Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, duration activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels openClosing of voltage-gate d channels is time dependent. Typically, the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close about a millisecond after the activation gates open. At the same time, the activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.What marks the end of the depolarization phase?As voltage-gated Na+ channels begin to inactivate, the membrane potential stops becoming more positive This marks the end of the depolarization phase of the action potential. Then, as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ ions rush out of the neuron, following their electrochemical gradient. This exit of positively-charged ions causes the interior of the cell to become more negative, repolarizing the membrane.The repolarization phase of the action potential, where voltage becomes more negative after the +30mV peak, is caused primarily by __________.The opening of voltage-gated K+ channels allows K+ ions to exit the cell, repolarizing the membrane. In other words, the exit of K+ ions makes the membrane potential more n egative. K+ also exits through leakage channels during this phase because leakage channels are always active. However, most of the membrane permeableness to K+ during this phase is due to voltage-gated channels. Voltage-gated K+ channels make the action potential more brief than it would otherwise be if only leakage channels were available to repolarize the membrane.During an action potential, hyperpolarization beyond (more negative to) the resting membrane potential is primarily due to __________.The large number of voltage-gated K+ channels opening during the repolarization phase readily makes the membrane potential more negative as positively-charged K+ ions leave the cell. K+ ions continue to leave through open channels as the membrane potential passes (becomes more negative than) the resting potential. This hyperpolarization phase of the action potential is therefore due to K+ ions diffusing through voltage-gated K+ channels. The membrane potential clay more negative than th e resting potential until voltage-gated K+ channels close. This period of hyperpolarization is important in relieving voltage-gated Na+ channels from inactivation, readying them for another action potential.During the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential, when the membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential, what happens to voltage-gated ion channels?Voltage-gated K+ channels are opened by depolarization. This means that as the membrane potential repolarizes and then hyperpolarizes, these K+ channels close. With the closing of voltage-gated K+ channels, the membrane potential returns to the resting membrane potential via leakage channel activity. Resetting voltage-gated Na+ channels to the closed (but not inactivated) state prepares them for the next action potential.During the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential, voltage eventually returns to the resting membrane potential. What processes are primarily responsible for this return t o the resting membrane potential?Voltage-gated K+ channels close. K+ and Na+ diffuse through leakage channels.

12 Years a Slave

The movie is based of the life and times of a man named Solomon Northup, who was born a free man in Minerva, New York, in 1808. In the movie, the book, and his life, little is enduren about his mother, because they never gave her name. However in all ternion we know of his father, a man named Mintus, who was originally enslaved to the Northup family from Rhode Island, simply he was freed after the family moved to New York.In the movie, a now young man, you saw that Northup helped his father with farming, chores and even worked as a raftsman on the waterways of upstate New York. He married Anne Hampton, a woman of mixed black, white, and Native American ancestry, on December 25th, 1829. They had three children together. During the 1830s, Northup became known as an excellent fiddle player. In 1841, two men offered Northup large sums of wages to join a traveling musical show, further unfortunately soon after he accepted it they drugged him and sold him into slavery He was sold at a uction in New Orleans in 1841.Now Northup had to serve a number of masters, some of course were brutally cruel and others who were more humane. After several grades of slavery, he met with an outspoken abolitionist from Canada who displace letters to notify Northups family of Northups current situation. A state agent was sent to Louisiana to reclaim Northup as a slave and he was undefeated through a number of chances. After he was finally declared a free man, Northup pressed charges of kidnapping against the men who had drugged him and sold him, but the length of the trial was dropped because of legal inabilities, and he received nothing for it. Little is known about Northups later life after the trial, but he is utter to have finally passed away in 1863.Twelve Years a Slave was recorded by David Wilson who is a white lawyer and legislator from New York who claimed to have presented. The invoice is sometimes believed to have been dedicated to Harriet Beecher Stowe and is even s aid to have introduced another key to Uncle Toms Cabin. Northups book was published in 1853 which was maybe less than a year after he was set free. It sold over 30,000 copies and is therefore not only one of North Americas many slave books, but also one of the most popular ones.

Gender and Sexulaity

Jackie Pappas Professor Winchock ENWR 106-AN March 5, 2013 Paper 2 Middle Draft sex & Sexuality Our everyday lives are greatly affected by ones gender and sexuality. They shape who we are and define our identities. Society expects a certain gender to persuade in a specific way and if this does non happen, one is seen as shameful and wrong, leaving the individual to feel defeated and out of place. In party lone(prenominal) a few decades ago, women were meant to be silent and dependant. Men were the superior ones who had a voice. They freely got to do whatever they pleased.In Julia Avarez lady friend of Invention and Judith Ortiz Cofers poem The Changeling, women were qualified of their true identities and their voices were silenced by the Ppallogocentric order. As a female in society, one was not permitted to speak freely of her opinions because of men. She must remain silent. It is seeming(a) that the narrator, often referred to as Cukita, in Daughter of Invention cannot spea k what she wants. She reads poems from a book her buzz off bought her written by Walt Whit art object. She reads his free words words he can openly speak. These are words of a flesh and blood man (Alvarez 14).Because Walt Whitman was a man, he could speak and write what he so choose. However, when Cukita plagiarizes his words, because she was a woman, she was not permitted to read her work at the assembly for which she was writing. When she read her speech to her mformer(a), her breed beamed with pride. It was quite the opposite when she read this speech to her father. He was shocked that his married woman would let their daughter read the speech she wrote. You will permit her to read that? (Alvarez 15) Cukitas father said as if she needed permission to speak what she believes. As your father, I forbid you to say that eh-speech (Alvarez 15). Since he was a man, he had the final say in what his daughter said. He could say whatever he desire but his daughter, because she was a wo man, could not. Women were expected to be silent and could yet speak in the male voice. We see the silence of a girl in Cofers The Changeling. In this poem, the speaker recalls a memory of when she was a young girl. She dressed in her brothers military clothes which molded her into boy shape (Cofer 725). Her father found it very amusing. He would listen with a smile (Cofer 725). She loved dressing up as a boy and pleasing her father because it was the only time he noticed her. The speaker pretended to tell stories of her times in the war as a man and this was the time that her father would soften attention to her. The only time he would listen to her words was when she was speaking in his voice in a mans voice. All other times, her words were not important to her father they did not matter to him because she was not his son, she was his daughter. Females were restricted in what they could say and do.Women were not allowed to do as they pleased. They were limited not only in what they said but what they could do. In Daughter of Invention, Cukitas mother correspondingd to work on her inventions. She always invented at night, after subsidence her house tear down (Alvarez 10). The mother could only work on her projects after she had completed her obligations as a woman. It was a womans responsibility to eat care of the house and keep her husband and family happy putting her wants and wishes aside until these are taken care of first. Even her inventions were restricted.She would not invent things that would cooperate the land as a whole but come up with ideas that would only help with your everyday life, particularly for the typical American woman. When discussing her inventions and why they did not help the greater good, she would have said that was for men to do (Alvarez 10). This shows that she was not allowed to create what she really wanted to invent. American women were not the only women who were restricted. It was common for women to be restricted all over the world. The narrator, Cukita, talked about the fact that her mother did not want to return home. She did not want to go back to the old country where she was only a married woman and a mother (Alvarez 14). In the Dominican Republic under Trujillos rule, women were only expected to be two things a wife and a mother. They were restricted to being anything but. They did not have permission to explore their interests such as inventing. Women were expected to take care of the house and the family and if they did anything else, saying theyd be in trouble is an understatement. Women were not allowed to be free to be who they are. Women were expected to only take care of the family and the house even if they wanted to do something else.It is still joked about today all over the Internet that women belong in the kitchen. While it is meant as a harmless joke, it is a reality for others. For example, it was a reality for the speaker in The Changeling. While her father was very am used with his daughter dressing as a man, her mother was not. When it was time for the family to sit down for dinner, the mother forbad her from sitting down with them as a man (Cofer 725). The mother felt that when her daughter dressed in her brothers clothes, it was distracting her from being a girl.She is forced to go back into the closet to change back into her expected outfit. The speaker, who once saw a closet full of adventure, then saw the uniform closet as a dark space (Cofer 725). When she emerged from the closet, back into reality, she walked back into the real world of her mothers kitchen (Cofer 725). For the speaker, a woman belonging in the kitchen was no laugh matter it was her reality. She longed to be able to do the things a man did but she could not because she was a restricted woman. She wished to have the same power that a man did.After explaining about how powerless a woman was, it is clear that men were the superior ones. In Daughter of Invention after the fat her disapproved of his daughters speech, the mother and daughter felt the need to rebel and join forces (Alvarez 16) against the father. They knew that he was the man in charge. They could not simply tell him what he was doing was wrong and they certainly could not do it alone. It took two women to stand up to one man and they still lost, the father tearing his daughters speech to shreds, tearing her to shreds in turn. As the father, he had the final say on what happened.After calling her father the hated nickname of their former dictator Trujillo, the narrator ran to her room. Her father ordered her on his control as her father to open that door (Alvarez 16). Because he was a man, he held the power in the house. He got free reign to tell his daughters and wife what to do and they must obey. In Dominican Republic, men were so superior that self-aggrandising birth to a daughter was not as great as giving birth to a son. A mother was seen as a failure if she did not give birth to a son. When Cukita and her mother went into the fathers room, his baptistery rightened as if at long last his wife had delivered a son (Alvarez 15). Fathers were happier when their wives bore them a son. There were fathers who did not pay attention to their children if they were not a boy. In The Changeling, the speaker must vie for her fathers attention (Cofer 725). Because she was not a man, the only way she could get her father to notice her was to dress, speak, and act like the son he always wanted her to be. After he mother made her change back into the girl she was supposed to be, she returned invisible (Cofer 725).Since she was no hourlong dressed as the superior man her father so wanted her to be, he did not pay any mind to her and she felt as if she was no one as if she was invisible. It is because of her gender that she did not fit into society. Gender plays a major role in our everyday lives. Men and women were expected to act in a specific manner or otherwise they end up defeated. Women were meant to keep their thoughts and opinions silent. They were also not allowed to act as freely as they would like. Women were restricted in what they said and did.Because women were so repressed, it was evident that men were the superior ones. In modern society, women have earned the right to be treated as every bit and as fairly as men. However, there are still some areas in society where women are more oppressed than men are. Works Cited Alvarez, Julia. Daughter of Invention. Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 10-19. Cofer, Judith Ortiz. The Changeling. Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 725.