How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture Essay Example

How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture? Essay Every human culture has members who exhibit deviant behavior. Deviant behavior is any action that is criminal, unacceptable, confusing or just strange to the majority of the cultures members. Each culture differs in its response and handling of deviant behavior. For example, behavior that would land someone in a mental institution in the United States might cause placement as the village shaman in other cultures. Although deviance might be harmful to a culture, it is also essential to cultural flexibility and change. Crime oUnited States culture classifies some deviant behavior as criminal. This sort of behavior has written laws and sanctions against it. Persons who act in such ways are liable to be arrested and punished in the judicial system. Most crime has victims who are hurt or otherwise negatively affected by the behavior. Criminal behavior influences others in a culture by inducing fear and anger at the criminals and sadness for the victims. Crime rates can drastically alter cities and neighborhoods in appearance and demographics. Vagrancy oVagrancy deviates from cultural norms requiring that all persons hold taxable employment and reside in a structure zoned for residence paid for by rent or mortgage. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Social Deviation Affect Culture? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Vagrancy is an example of a crime gray zone. Anti-vagrancy laws do exist to discourage the behavior, but most people do not consider the behavior criminal. Rather, people consider the behavior unacceptable or repulsive. The presence of vagrant behavior can reduce the success of a city or town business economy, cause others discomfort when confronted with the behavior in the public sphere and reduce the number of persons available for employment. Weakening of Norms oOne of the biggest threats deviation holds to a cultures status quo is the weakening of norms. If too many people are allowed to operate with deviant behavior, the behavioral norm becomes violated. This might occur in a cycle. Professor Lisa Barnett of Coe College states that a weakening of cultural norms might actually cause deviant behavior. Creation of New Norms oThe ability of deviant behavior to weaken norms might also provide a positive construction of new norms. For example, 40 years ago in the United States, most people considered body piercing to be deviant behavior. It was not illegal, but the culture deemed the act repulsive. As more people began expressing this deviant behavior, norms against body piercing weakened. Today, body piercing is more culturally acceptable than ever in the United States. Revolution oWhen deviants seek not only to go against cultural norms, but also to change them significantly, cultural revolution can occur. Deviants may present a completely alternative lifestyle to what is predominantly held as acceptable. If enough people adopt the deviant lifestyle, the behavior is no longer deviant and itself becomes the norm. The cycle then continues when persons deviate from the newly established norms.

Free Essays on The Logic Of Collective Action

In his book, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Mancur Olson writes about how groups are formed. As an economist, Olson investigates the economic incentives and disincentives for group formation, especially political and trade organizations. â€Å"Olson demonstrates that firms may prefer to ‘free ride’ on the efforts of others rather than pay a share of the costs.† (Ciglar and Loomis 212) His conclusion is that individuals are led to act in a self-interested manner that interferes with any desire to work toward a collective good. Producers of a certain product have an interest in selling the product for as high of a price as possible. It is in their collective good to find ways to push prices and profits higher. An easy way to achieve higher prices is to organize and establish set prices. However, the organization of a trade group would require full participation of all makers of the product within the market. If one producer refused to join the group and sold the product for less money, that producer would come to dominate the market. A group is unlikely to form because each individual producer has a stronger interest in being the one who does not join and comes to undersell the competition, similar to the â€Å"tragedy of the commons.† There is a conflict between the individual interests of the producers and their collective interest. Another type of group is one that is seeking a benefit, but not selling. Collective bargaining is an example Olson uses. Workers have an interest in unionizing to drive up wages and force better working conditions. Non-joiners would not endanger union members. However, non-joiners would gain the benefits of the collective agreements. Therefore, each individual has an interest in not joining but still receiving the benefits and becoming a free-rider. Joining requires the use of resources. Why would someone join a group when the benefits would be gained even wit... Free Essays on The Logic Of Collective Action Free Essays on The Logic Of Collective Action In his book, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Mancur Olson writes about how groups are formed. As an economist, Olson investigates the economic incentives and disincentives for group formation, especially political and trade organizations. â€Å"Olson demonstrates that firms may prefer to ‘free ride’ on the efforts of others rather than pay a share of the costs.† (Ciglar and Loomis 212) His conclusion is that individuals are led to act in a self-interested manner that interferes with any desire to work toward a collective good. Producers of a certain product have an interest in selling the product for as high of a price as possible. It is in their collective good to find ways to push prices and profits higher. An easy way to achieve higher prices is to organize and establish set prices. However, the organization of a trade group would require full participation of all makers of the product within the market. If one producer refused to join the group and sold the product for less money, that producer would come to dominate the market. A group is unlikely to form because each individual producer has a stronger interest in being the one who does not join and comes to undersell the competition, similar to the â€Å"tragedy of the commons.† There is a conflict between the individual interests of the producers and their collective interest. Another type of group is one that is seeking a benefit, but not selling. Collective bargaining is an example Olson uses. Workers have an interest in unionizing to drive up wages and force better working conditions. Non-joiners would not endanger union members. However, non-joiners would gain the benefits of the collective agreements. Therefore, each individual has an interest in not joining but still receiving the benefits and becoming a free-rider. Joining requires the use of resources. Why would someone join a group when the benefits would be gained even wit...

Supply chain technology and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply chain technology and talent - Essay Example gnated consumer, waste reduction, reducing the unit cost of the products and enhancing flexibility by ensuring the response time to consumer complaints is reduced as possible. Improvement is a term that is used to indicate positive progress in a certain process or undertaking. Improving the supply chain is optimizing the supply chain management process to ensure sustainability despite market dynamism (Chandra and Grabis, 2007). The business environment is very dynamic and thus, keeps on changing unpredictably according to prevailing factors that may be inherent in the market at any particular time. The changes that occur in the marketplace necessitate for a change in the manner in which business organizations conduct their processes (Leeman, 2010). Initially, firms would gain a competitive advantage in supply chain through only two dimensions that are quality and price of products. However, due to advancement in technology and increase in competition, efficient technology and recruitment and development of skills of the organizations’ staff have become some of the critical factors driving supply chains (Ivanov and Sokolov, 2010). For instance, better trained staff can process the orders of customers quickly hence saving them time. Moreover, efficient technology like internet is an imperative component of any supply chain from both the perspective of the suppliers and customers because it helps ensure all the four forms of utility are met that include time, place, form and possession like it has been established that a well-designed online system platform, which has the capability to allow customers to make purchases and orders online not only saves time for the business and the customers but also helps the business to penetrate into more markets, which finally translates to increased sales and profitability. Moreover, elaborate information systems enable firms to interact with their clients readily thus, minimizing the supply chain channel, in addition to,

Apply appropriate macroeconomic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apply appropriate macroeconomic analysis - Essay Example The economic profit is attained from the difference of national income and the addition of MPL x L to MPK x K. this can be summarized into the formular below. Economic Profit = Y – ((MPL x L) + (MPK x K)) Hence, Y is connected to unemployment, the available capital and the paid wages. The disparity between Y in presence or absence of lowering G is relevant to the government’s higher savings. According to the curve, it can be suggested that the government saves money by lowering G. in the short run there is decrease from 2.79% to 1.13% in the year 2003 while in the long run in 2009, there is an increase to 3.4% from 2.5%. in the IS-LM model, the change in the financial policy attributes to shifting of IS along the LM curve hence declining Y might accompany a contradictory policy. There is rise in the unemployment curve after reduction of G by 10% . This is evident in the decrease of the demanded labour causing the decrease of the Y. furthermore, it is shown that wage rig idity results in to unemployment. The need for labour declines with the decrease in Y and so the unemployment or Y reduces, hence wages maintain the level and unemployment increases. Wages change the market adjustments till the decreasing unemployment in the long run. Inflation relates negatively with unemployment. The decreasing inflation is caused by the rate of unemployment. Thus, declining unemployment causes increasing inflation since low wages and increased investments in the long run. In 2006 there was an inflation standing at 2.24% without the introduction of the change as compared to -1.84% caused by the change. The multiplier effect suggests that the government debt is also affected by decreased government expenditure. The decrease of Y is greater than the decrease in the expenditure leading to reducing taxes therefore a greater deficit in budget results. More increasing Y debt reduces. This explains the decrease in the budget deficit in the long run. The virtual economy m odel illustrates the exchange rate. The increase expressed is a decline in theory since the IS curve shifts to the left because of the cut in government expenditure. The subject virtual economy illustration is from the fact that it relies on the models utilized by American economy. Hence, the exchange rate has to be observed differently. The exchange rate does not directly influence the national income since the net exports rice in a laissez-fair economy whenever e is little. Nonetheless, according to this illustration, it is more costly to import product from foreign countries. Selected Policy Mix The general target of the government is to stabilize the economy rather than upsetting it. There are some economists suggesting that the government has to disturb the economy at some instances to keep it balanced. The United Kingdom policy maker should come up with the policy that will contain these challenges. The government should adopt fiscal policy. Adopting this policy will enable th e government to achieve stable exchange rate as result an equilibrium balance of payment will be achieved. Thus there is an inherent belief that the economy is unstable with shocking influences on the demand and supply. Conversely, economists feel that the economy is always stable in itself in spite of bad policies that lead to acute fluctuations. Hence the

Child and Young Person Development Essay Example for Free

Child and Young Person Development Essay 1) Describe, using the examples in the case study, the kinds of influences that affect children and young peoples development. Include examples from the family and childrens background, health and environment. (2.1) In the case study there are many influences that affect the children and young peoples development in the family; this can be because of the background of the family, the health and also the environment they live in. The mother and father were both in foster care when they were young, so they won’t have a motherly/fatherly figure to look up to when looking after their own children. Their fridge/freezer is broken so they can’t keep food fresh, so they will have to eat tinned food. The twins, Melody and Michael, were born 14 weeks premature so they will need all the nutrience they can get to help them grow and get healthy. The flat they all live in is crowded because there are 8 of them to share 3 bedrooms and a small lounge and kitchen. The lift in the flat is broken so the children cant go out to play and get exercise. Also when the lift isnt working the twins cannot attend the nursery, so they will not learn all the simple things you learn in nursery. The mother cannot leave the flat to shop for food, so they will have to eat less food for each meal to last them until she can get to the shops. Also their father cannot leave the flat because he has a severe disability and he has to stay in bed. He can’t even work because of it, and the mother cant work because she has to look after the children and Wayne too, so they have to live on benefits. Their flat is right next to an industrial estate where many chemicals are used; it is letting off all the chemicals and polluting the air. Therefore the children cant really go out anyway because of the polluted air, it will make them ill. Nigel, who is 7, has asthma and it gets worse when the weather is overcast. Also it doesnt help when the flat has damp patches everywhere that will make Nigels asthma worse. These are the influences that affect the children and young people’s development in the case study. 2) Describe, with examples, the importance of recognising and responding to concerns about children and young people’s  development. (2.2) It is important to recognise and to respond to concerns about children and young people’s development. To prevent a child or young person being neglected or in risk of harmful situations such as violence, drugs or alcohol misuse you can deliver early intervention. This is a support system for children with developmental disabilities or delays and their families. If someone recognises a child or young person getting hurt/abused by parents/family then they should respond to it by calling the social services. That way they can deal with the abuse, and take the child away from the family. Then the child couldn’t get hurt and they will be able to develop more. If you was a student and have a work placement at a nursery/ preschool and you notice that a child has bruises or is acting in a weird way, like being really quite than usual you may think that something is wrong. There are a couple of things you could do; you could ask the child if there is anything wrong if you get no answer then you could tell your supervisor or another member of staff. That way they could do something about it such as, they can ask the child what’s wrong or they could contact the parents. In the case study the family live in a flat right next to an industrial estate which is letting off lots of chemicals and polluting to air, and the children can’t go out to play because of that, it could make them really ill. The parents could go/talk to the council about getting a council house, and then the children can go out and play to get exercise to help them to develop. These are some ways of recognising and responding to concerns about children and young people’s development.

The Benefits of Integrating Computers into the Early Childhood Classroom :: Teaching Education

The Advantages of Integrating Computers into the Early Childhood Classroom Each year, new technologies hold the promise to alter the way we think and learn. Computers are prevalent everywhere, and they are making their way into school systems around the country (Roberts, Carter, Friel, and Miller, 1988). It is obvious that there is a demand for technological instruction in high school and college. However, the question of if computers should be implemented into early childhood classrooms is still prudent. With computers all around us, it is inevitable that children will be exposed to them, and they will eventually be facilitated into their daily lives. The purpose of this research paper is to explore the advantages, disadvantages, and methods of integrating computers into the early childhood classroom. How Computers Effect Young Children Early childhood experiences should maximize young children’s overall growth and development. Their eyes should be opened to the wonderment of learning and the pleasures of discovery. Computers can by an important tool to optimize young children’s potential, and help aid the learning process (Scoter 2001). Before deciding to introduce children to computers, it is important to address the potential benefits and dangers the machines have on youths. Potential Dangers Some people believe that computers should not have a place in early childhood classrooms. They speculate that computers will rob children of their childhood, replace other activities, reduce creativity, and lead to social isolation. It is feared that computers will force them to learn what they are not ready to learn. The machines are often viewed as one more thing to rush young children through their vital childhood years (Scoter, 2001). Whether computers will rob children of their childhood totally depends on how they are used. If children are forced to use computers for lengthy periods of time with drill software, computers could very well rob them of their childhood. On the other hand, if computers are used in appropriate ways that meet children’s development level, they can benefit young children, and teach them what they are ready to learn (NAEYC, 2001). It is also believed that computers will replace other childhood activities, such as building with blocks, painting pictures, or playing â€Å"house†. Exposure to computers may hinder children’s developing understanding of the real world. In reality, this does not occur. Whenever something new, whether it is a paint set or a computer, is first introduced into a classroom, all the children want to use it.

Business School Essay

Since I first entered university, I have evolved from being convinced that an MBA was a necessary part of my future, to believing that MBAs made careers of victimizing other people, to realizing that an MBA truly will help me achieve my passion, which is helping people in my native China. I am now passionate [Comment 1] about attending Wharton to challenge myself with powerful business lessons that will help me grow as a leaders [Comment 2] . My alma mater offered an orientation program that offered [Comment 3] new admits consultation on academic study, and more importantly,[Comment 4] early career plan. I was excited to learn that the tests confirmed what I already expect [Comment 5] – that I showed a strong ability in business. Starting that day, I pinpointed [Comment 6] MBA as an ideal master degree to pursue following several years of solid work experience. With plans made, I embarked on the trek by opting to major in international finance, in addition to taking a broad spectrum of business-related electives including intermediate accounting, economics and banking. Although most of the teaching materials [Comment 7] derived from the communist time while [Comment 8] teachers still resorted to the stale methodology of indoctrination, I looked forward to every class that gave me new insights into how good business [Comment 9] function. I missed a chance to have [Comment 10] more interactive learning environment and to be able to challenge the lessons that we were taught, but the classes further solidified my plan to acquire a formal business degree. Originally my career plan was simple: to excel at [Comment 11] workplace, get an MBA, and then work as [Comment 12] top strategy consultant before settling down as an executive at a corporation. I was happy with my career progress as an Information Technology consultant, but it was not always smooth. While my project at International Media Corporation, my second employer, was in high gear, the 9. 11 tragedy reduced international travel to a standstill. (For details, please see essay No. 2. As if this were not enough, the ensuing fiber-optic scandal in which International Media Fiber Optics [Comment 13] was involved, worked perfectly as [Comment 14] the last straw—it forced our parent company to suspend its China-based operation [Comment 15] , including my project. That meant that I was unemployed. For the first time in my life I needed to assess my career plan. I had done nothing wrong, but the action of other [Comment 16] affected me and [Comment 17] put me out of job. Was th is what MBAs did? Did they ruin other people’s jobs? Comment 18] For a time,[Comment 19] I started to think that the business world was not where I would [Comment 20] be. Over the next six months I got a much clearer picture of what I wanted to do. [Comment 21] I gained experience in the UN initiative (for details, please see essay No. 3) and I reflected upon the world at large. What did I want to do, other than plan for my next promotion or consulting assignment? What did I want to be in twenty years? Consequently, this experience allowed me to contribute to society and to learn more about what I wanted. [Comment 22] My work in [Comment 23] the UN substantially changed my view of MBAs. This time, I started to perceive MBA [Comment 24] from a new angle—first and foremost, MBAs [Comment 25] must be socially responsible before they can aspire to reap professional achievements; otherwise they are still doomed to failure however smart they are. [Comment 26] This was again solidified by my acquaintance and mentorship, at the [Comment 27] UN conference, with an investment banker turned philanthropist,[Comment 28] also the founding chairman of the US-based Green Earth Institute. There were, and are, responsible people and organizations after all. I realized that I could be earn an MBA and make an impact just like those people! Six months on, I headed back to the corporate world, confidence recovered. National Data Systems (NDS) seemed an ideal place to start my career anew—I knew so the minute I saw the receptionist for interview [Comment 29] — in lieu of charming girls [Comment 30] , a disabled person handled the task. Later I learned this deep-rooted culture resulted from NDS’s strong advocacy of handicapped-hiring. As for me, I further extend it to hiring veterans in my department. Not only do I commit [Comment 31] social obligations, but the department actually benefit [Comment 32] from their ultra reliability and diligence. In addition, I volunteered as the department representative for the office health and safety initiative. Mid 2004 will witness my department’s consummation [Comment 33] of a worldwide business transformation project, to which I have been contributing as a IT consultant and project co-leader. This is [Comment 34] perfect opportunity to see my current work to completion and then embark on my new endeavor. Upon graduation, I would like to join a top-tier IT corporation and rotate in different functions in its leadership/executive development program at mid-management level. I see this ad [Comment 35] being important for gaining the management experience that I will need for my true long-term passion, which comes from my work in the UN. I want to help the underprivileged in China. Consequently, I plan on establishing an IT-based NGO in the long run. My business experience gained from my post-MBA job will render me better positioned [Comment 36] to contribute to this scenario—applying cost-effective technologies (only possible through my experience with an elite technology firm) to improve the quality of life in communities that have not changed in decades, if not centuries. After all, the betterment of the entire nation cannot hinge upon the prosperity of but a number of regions or cities. Based on my experience in consulting and the UN [Comment 37] I believe that managing an NGO shares much synergy with running a for-profit business. The leadership experience developed and social connections established in the business arena should be most conducive to my long-term career aspiration. The end of my achievements in business will ultimately find their way in the social cause. Yes, financial standing is an important yardstick,[Comment 38] against which personal success is judged; however, it will be even more fulfilling if I can share this success with the needy and bring benefits to them. As the [Comment 39] leading business school, Wharton offers many lectures in addition to [Comment 40] cases that prepare students for all kinds of real business challenges and opportunities, which caters [Comment 41] well to my career aspiration [Comment 42]. Admittedly, Wharton is most famed for its strength in finance; however, it has, over the years, [Comment 43] also produced a plethora of successful general managers. Having said that, I [Comment 44] trust Wharton is where I can attack my weak link by brushing [Comment 45] up my financial skills, which I believe are indispensable to my career advancement later on. â€Å"He is a sharp cookie, a natural leader just waiting to burst out of his shell†, goes the comment on my first performance review. My communication with Wharton students and alumni has fully attested to my belief that Wharton is the very school that will transform me from a candidate to a bona fide leader of the future.